Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Immigration Law in Russia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Are Legal Systems Converging or Diverging?

  • 121 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter addresses the process of regulatory development in Russia over migration and the assumption of social and legal responsibility by the State towards migrants. An analysis of the main stages of development of the Russian immigration legislation is given and peculiarities of the legal regulation of migration relations in the Russian Federation are studied. Borrowings of foreign legal norms and their implementation into national legislation, institutions, and principles are also discussed.

The chapter reveals certain shortcomings of the current Russian migration normative acts: contradictions between laws, duplication of norms, gaps and collisions between norms. It is argued that the main drawback is the fragmentation of elements in the system of migration laws. Existing norms are not clear enough and are insufficiently unified.

Some theoretical issues are also raised, namely the location of migration laws within the overall national legal system of the Russian Federation, as well as the codification of migration laws.

Finally, issues concerning further developments of interstate (transnational) integration and the exit of constitutionalism beyond the framework of national states are also considered.

The author has limited the scientific study period to the years 1991–2021. Latest developments are thus not considered.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Хабриева (2008).

  2. 2.

    Ibid.

  3. 3.

    Давид and Жоффре-Спинози (2021), p. 183.

  4. 4.

    Due to the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the emergence of new independent states, administrative borders turned into state borders.

  5. 5.

    In the early 1990s, about 25 million ethnic Russians found themselves living in other CIS countries and in the three Baltic Republics.

  6. 6.

    Воронина (2010), pp. 8–132.

  7. 7.

    The Federal law of the Russian Federation ‘On Forced Migrants’ of 1993 (as amended) contains the definition of a refugee. The Law provides that anyone, regardless of citizenship, who had been forced to leave their place of residence on the grounds of race, citizenship, confession, language, social affiliation, political convictions, etc. could acquire the status of forced migrant.

  8. 8.

    In 1992, the Federal Migration Service (FMS) was established as a state institution in the field of migration with territorial services. In May 2000, the FMS was dismantled, and its functions transferred to the newly created Ministry of Federation, National and Migration issues. In October 2001, the Ministry was abolished and its functions in the field of migration passed to the Ministry of Interior. From 2004 until 2012, the FMS was under the Ministry of Interior but by a President’s decree of 2012, the FMS was then removed from Ministry of Interior and its functions expanded. By the same decree, a number of its functions were given to the Ministry of Labour and social protection and to the Ministry of Health. In April 2016, the FMS was abolished, and its functions were transferred back to the Ministry of Interior. At present, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is responsible for the direct regulation of migration processes.

  9. 9.

    Law N. 115-FL ‘On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens’ (as amended). See also, inter alia, Law N. 114-FL ‘On the Procedure for Leaving the Russian Federation and Entering the Russian Federation’ (1996), Law N. 62-FL ‘On Citizenship of the Russian Federation’ (2002, as amended in 2020), Law N. 109-FL ‘On Migration Registration of Foreign Citizens and Stateless Persons in the Russian Federation (2006).

  10. 10.

    See Migrants Refugees, Country Profiles: Russia, https://migrants-refugees.va/country-profile/russia/#:~:text=Russia%20adheres%20to%20the%201951,extended%20from%20year%20to%20year.

  11. 11.

    Сошникова (2015), p. 80.

  12. 12.

    Зинченко (2016), p. 13.

  13. 13.

    Цинделиани (2018), p. 184.

  14. 14.

    Булатов and Андрейцо (2016), p. 21.

  15. 15.

    Марченко (2001), p. 265.

  16. 16.

    Bell (1995), pp. 63–64.

  17. 17.

    Cappelletti (1978).

  18. 18.

    Варламовой and Васильевой (2017).

  19. 19.

    Воронина (2015), pp. 96–242.

  20. 20.

    Lafitsky (2021), p. 190.

  21. 21.

    Бабурин (2021), p. 5.

  22. 22.

    In this chapter, European law is understood not only as norms created at the EU level, but also those norms of national law that ensure the application of legal norms developed at the EU level.

  23. 23.

    Ястребова (2014), p. 24.

  24. 24.

    See Thibaut Fleury Graff. Les categories de migrants: refugies, etudiants, sans papiers… https://www.vie-publique/fr/parole-dexpert/271045.

  25. 25.

    Adopted by President’s Decree of 22 June 22 2006, N 637.

  26. 26.

    Federal Portal of draft regulatory legal Acts: 02/04/03-21/00113698, https://regulation.gov.ru/projects/List/AdvancedSearch#departments=7.

References

  • Bell J (1995) English Law and French Law – not so different? Curr Leg Probl 48:63–64. Part 2

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappelletti M (1978) New perspectives for a common law of Europe. Publications of the European University Institute, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Graff TF (2019) Les categories de migrants: refugies, etudiants, sans papiers… https://www.vie-publique/fr/parole-dexpert/271045

  • Lafitsky VL (2021) The worlds of law in the theory and practice of comparative law (in Russian): монография: в 2 т. – Москва: Проспект. I:191

    Google Scholar 

  • Бабурин СН (2021) Интеграционный конституционализм: монография / С.Н. Бабурин. – Москва : Норма: ИНФРА-М. С. 5. [Baburin S.N. Integrational constitutionalizm]

    Google Scholar 

  • Булатов РБ, Андрейцо СЮ (2016) Проблемы обеспечения и защиты прав иностранных граждан в России // Миграционное право. № 4. С. 21. [Bulatov R.B, Andreitso S.Y. Problems of ensuring and protection of foreign citizens’ rights in Russia]

    Google Scholar 

  • Воронина НА (2010) Миграционное законодательство России: состояние, проблемы, перспективы: Монография. – М.: Издательство «Спутник». С. 8-132. [Voronina N.A.Migration legislation in Russia: state, problems and prospects]

    Google Scholar 

  • Воронина НА (2015) Международное право и миграционное законодательство стран СНГ. Монография / Институт государства и права РАН. – М.: Издательский дом ГУУ. С. 96-242. [Voronina N.A. International law and migration legislation of the CIS countries]/

    Google Scholar 

  • Давид Р, Жоффре-Спинози К (2021) Основные правовые системы современности / пер. с фр. В.А. Туманов. – М.; Международные отношения. С. 183. [Rene David, Camille Jauffret-Spinosi.Les grands systemes de droit contemporains]

    Google Scholar 

  • Зинченко НН (2016) Временная защита как рациональное и гуманное решение проблемы лиц, ищущих убежище // Миграционное право. № 1. С. 13.[Zintchenko N.N. Temporary protection as a rational and humane problem solving of asylum seekers]

    Google Scholar 

  • Интернационализация конституционного права: современные тенденции / под ред. Н.В. Варламовой и Т.А. Васильевой. М., 2017. [Internatiolization of constitutional law. Ed. Varlamova N.V., Vassilieva N.F.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Марченко МН (2001) Сравнительное правоведение. Общая часть. Учебник для юридических вузов. – М.: Издательство «Зерцало». С. 265. [Martchenko M.N. Comparative Law]

    Google Scholar 

  • Пряхина ТМ (2015) Обращения граждан в Конституционный Суд РФ – индикатор состояния правовой системы России // Права человека – индикатор современного развития России / отв. ред. Т.А. Сошникова: материалы международной научно-практической конференции. – М.: Изд-во Моск. гуманит. ун-та. С. 80. [Priakhina T.M. Citizens’ appeals to the Constitutional court]

    Google Scholar 

  • Реализация миграционной политики уполномоченными органами в сфере миграции в ряде зарубежных стран. Под общ. Ред. А.С. Прудникова. Учебное пособие. Москва, 2019. С. 20. [Implementation of Migration Policy by the authorized bodies in the field of migration in foreign countries. Under the general editorship of A.S Prudnikov]

    Google Scholar 

  • Хабриева ТЯ (2008) Миграционное право России: теория и практика. – М.: Юридическая фирма «Контракт». С. 2-5. [T.Y. Khabrieva. Migration Law of the Russian Federation: Theory and Practice. pp. 2–5]

    Google Scholar 

  • Цинделиани ИА (2018) Миграционное право России \ под ред.. М.,. С. 184. [Migration Law of Russia. Ed. Tsyndeliany I.A.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Ястребова АЮ (2014) Международно-правовые механизмы регулирования миграции: доктринальные подходы и опыт Российской Федерации. Монография. – М.: ВАКО, С.24. [Yastrebova A.Y. International Legal Mechenisms of Migration Regulation: Doctrinal Approaches and Experience of Russian Federation]

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Migration and Inter-Ethnic Relations (Институт миграции и межнациональных отношений), An Autonomous Non-Commercial Organisation, Moscow, Russia

    Natalia A. Voronina

Authors
  1. Natalia A. Voronina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natalia A. Voronina .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

    Emilie Ghio

  2. Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Ricardo Perlingeiro

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Voronina, N.A. (2024). Immigration Law in Russia. In: Ghio, E., Perlingeiro, R. (eds) Are Legal Systems Converging or Diverging?. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38180-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38180-5_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-38179-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-38180-5

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation