Abstract
The Internet provides best-effort services using packet switching. However, in recent years, people proposed “the industrial Internet” and tried to use the Internet for industries instead of using it just for consumer users. These industrial applications, together with some emerging applications, demand that networks should be able to provide deterministic quality of service (e.g., delay, jitter, and loss). Such networks are named deterministic networks (DetNets). In this chapter, we briefly introduce the framework and the key techniques towards DetNet, most of which are being standardized by the IETF DetNet working group. The framework gives an overview of how DetNet works for application flows with deterministic performance requirements. The key technologies address different issues in the data plane, control plane, and management plane. In the data plane, we first describe the protocol stack, packet encapsulation formats, and a data plane network model, which are fundamental to the operation of DetNet nodes. We then introduce the shaping and queueing algorithms that can be used by DetNet nodes to control the processing latency, which is the most challenging task in DetNet. DetNet also supports redundancy-based schemes to protect application flows from packet loss. In the control plane, we summarize the existing standards and challenges of computing feasible paths and establishing the computed paths for DetNet flows. In the management plane, we show how DetNet flows report their flow features and specify their performance requirements, and we also briefly show some challenging management tasks and security issues exclusively specific to DetNet. Although DetNet is a promising and important technique for many use cases, DetNet still has a long way to achieve mature implementation and wide deployment in real-world networks.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A. Bierman, M. Bjorklund, and K. Watsen. RESTCONF Protocol. RFC 8040, RFC Editor, January 2017. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8040.txt.
M. Bjorklund. The YANG 1.1 Data Modeling Language. RFC 7950, RFC Editor, August 2016. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7950.txt.
Massieh Kordi Boroujeny and Brian L. Mark. Design of a stochastic traffic regulator for end-to-end network delay guarantees. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 30(6):2531–2543, 2022.
Bob Braden, Lixia Zhang, Steve Berson, Shai Herzog, and Sugih Jamin. Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) – Version 1 Functional Specification. RFC 2205, RFC Editor, September 1997. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2205.txt.
S. Bryant and P. Pate. Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture. RFC 3985, RFC Editor, March 2005. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3985.txt.
D. Ceccarelli and Y. Lee. Framework for Abstraction and Control of TE Networks (ACTN). RFC 8453, RFC Editor, August 2018. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8453.txt.
Mach Chen, Xuesong Geng, and Zhenqiang Li. Segment Routing (SR) Based Bounded Latency. Internet-draft, May. 2019. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-chen-detnet-sr-based-bounded-latency.
Silviu S. Craciunas, Ramon Serna Oliver, Martin Chmelík, and Wilfried Steiner. Scheduling Real-Time Communication in IEEE 802.1Qbv Time Sensitive Networks. In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, RTNS ’16, page 183–192, New York, NY, USA, 2016. Association for Computing Machinery.
Libing Deng, Guoqi Xie, Hong Liu, Yunbo Han, Renfa Li, and Keqin Li. A Survey of Real-Time Ethernet Modeling and Design Methodologies: From AVB to TSN. ACM Comput. Surv., 55(2), jan 2022.
Toerless Eckert, Stewart Bryant, Andrew G. Malis, and Guangpeng Li. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane - Tagged Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding (TCQF) for bounded latency with low jitter in large scale DetNets. Internet-draft, Nov. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-eckert-detnet-tcqf/.
R. Enns, M. Bjorklund, J. Schoenwaelder, and A. Bierman. Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF). RFC 6241, RFC Editor, June 2011. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6241.txt.
J. Farkas, N. Bragg, P. Unbehagen, G. Parsons, P. Ashwood-Smith, and C. Bowers. IS-IS Path Control and Reservation. RFC 7813, RFC Editor, June 2016. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7813.txt.
N. Finn, J.-Y. Le Boudec, E. Mohammadpour, J. Zhang, and B. Varga. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Bounded Latency. RFC 9320, RFC Editor, November 2022. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9320.txt.
N. Finn, P. Thubert, B. Varga, and J. Farkas. Deterministic networking architecture. RFC 8655, RFC Editor, October 2019.
Xuesong Geng, Zhenbin Li, and Tianran Zhou. BGP - Link State (BGP-LS) Advertisement of IGP DetNet Extensions. Internet-draft, Jul. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-geng-idr-bgp-ls-enhanced-detnet/.
Xuesong Geng, Zhenbin Li, and Tianran Zhou. ISIS-TE Extensions for Enhanced DetNet. Internet-draft, Jul. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-geng-lsr-isis-te-extension-enhanced-detnet/.
Xuesong Geng, Yeoncheol Ryoo, Don Fedyk, Reshad Rahman, and Zhenqiang Li. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) YANG Model. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-yang/.
H. Gredler, J. Medved, S. Previdi, A. Farrel, and S. Ray. North-Bound Distribution of Link-State and Traffic Engineering (TE) Information Using BGP. RFC 7752, RFC Editor, March 2016. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7752.txt.
E. Grossman, T. Mizrahi, and A. Hacker. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Security Considerations. RFC 9055, RFC Editor, June 2021. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfcrfc9055.txt.
IETF DetNet Working Group. Deterministic Networking (detnet). https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/detnet/history/, 2022. [Online; accessed 19-Nov-2022].
E. Haleplidis, K. Pentikousis, S. Denazis, J. Hadi Salim, D. Meyer, and O. Koufopavlou. Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Layers and Architecture Terminology. RFC 7426, RFC Editor, January 2015. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7426.txt.
Hongyi Huang, Ren Tan, and Tianran Zhou. BFD Extension for DetNet Remote Defect Indication (RDI). Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-huang-detnet-rdi/.
Jinoo Joung, Jeong dong Ryoo, Tae sik Cheung, Yizhou Li, and Peng Liu. Asynchronous Deterministic Networking Framework for Large-Scale Networks. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-joung-detnet-asynch-detnet-framework/.
D. Katz and D. Ward. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD). RFC 5880, RFC Editor, June 2010. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5880.txt.
Jonatan Krolikowski, Sébastien Martin, Paolo Medagliani, Jérémie Leguay, Shuang Chen, Xiaodong Chang, and Xuesong Geng. Joint routing and scheduling for large-scale deterministic IP networks. Computer Communications, 165:33–42, 2021.
Yizhou Li, Shoushou Ren, Guangpeng Li, Fan Yang, Jeong dong Ryoo, and Peng Liu. IPv6 Options for Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding Variants. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-yizhou-detnet-ipv6-options-for-cqf-variant/.
Bingyang Liu, Shoushou Ren, Chuang Wang, Vincent Angilella, Paolo Medagliani, Sebastien Martin, and Jeremie Leguay. Towards Large-Scale Deterministic IP Networks. In 2021 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking), pages 1–9, 2021.
Andrew G. Malis, Xuesong Geng, Mach Chen, Fengwei Qin, and Balazs Varga. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Controller Plane Framework. Internet-draft, Dec. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-controller-plane-framework/.
Greg Mirsky, Mach Chen, and David L. Black. Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic Networks (DetNet) with IP Data Plane. Internet-draft, Aug. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-ip-oam/.
Greg Mirsky, Mach Chen, and Balazs Varga. Operations, Administration and MaintenVersion field is neededance (OAM) for Deterministic Networks (DetNet) with MPLS Data Plane. Internet-draft, Dec. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-mpls-oam/.
Greg Mirsky, Fabrice Theoleyre, Georgios Z. Papadopoulos, Carlos J. Bernardos, Balazs Varga, and János Farkas. Framework of Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) for Deterministic Networking (DetNet). Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-oam-framework/.
T. Mizrahi. Security Requirements of Time Protocols in Packet Switched Networks. RFC 7384, RFC Editor, October 2014. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7384.txt.
Yijun Mo, Zihan Yang, Huiyu Liu, and Tianliu He. Global Cyclic Queuing and Forwarding Mechanism for Large-Scale Deterministic Networks. In 2021 IEEE 23rd Int Conf on High Performance Computing and Communications; 7th Int Conf on Data Science and Systems; 19th Int Conf on Smart City; 7th Int Conf on Dependability in Sensor, Cloud, Big Data Systems and Application (HPCC/DSS/SmartCity/DependSys), pages 275–282, 2021.
Ehsan Mohammadpour and Jean-Yves Le Boudec. On Packet Reordering in Time-Sensitive Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 30(3):1045–1057, 2022.
Ahmed Nasrallah, Akhilesh S. Thyagaturu, Ziyad Alharbi, Cuixiang Wang, Xing Shao, Martin Reisslein, and Hesham ElBakoury. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 21(1):88–145, 2019.
Li Qiang, Xuesong Geng, Bingyang Liu, Toerless Eckert, Liang Geng, and Guangpeng Li. Large-Scale Deterministic IP Network. Internet-Draft draft-qiang-detnet-large-scale-detnet-05, IETF Secretariat, September 2019. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-qiang-detnet-large-scale-detnet.
Gourav Prateek Sharma, Wouter Tavernier, Didier Colle, and Mario Pickavet. Routing and scheduling for 1+1 protected DetNet flows. Computer Networks, 211:108960, 2022.
Johannes Specht and Soheil Samii. Urgency-Based Scheduler for Time-Sensitive Switched Ethernet Networks. In 2016 28th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS), pages 75–85, 2016.
Johannes Specht and Soheil Samii. Synthesis of Queue and Priority Assignment for Asynchronous Traffic Shaping in Switched Ethernet. In 2017 IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), pages 178–187, 2017.
Ren Tan, Hongyi Huang, and Tianran Zhou. Echo Request/Reply for DetNet Capability Discovery. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-tan-detnet-cap-discovery/.
Dirk Trossen and Jürgen Schmitt. RSVP for TSN Networks. Internet-draft, Jul. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-trossen-detnet-rsvp-tsn/.
B. Varga, L. Berger, D. Fedyk, S. Bryant, and J. Korhonen. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP over MPLS. RFC 9056, RFC Editor, October 2021. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9056.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, L. Berger, D. Fedyk, and S. Bryant. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP. RFC 8939, RFC Editor, November 2020. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8939.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, L. Berger, A. Malis, and S. Bryant. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane Framework. RFC 8938, RFC Editor, November 2020. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8938.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, L. Berger, A. Malis, and S. Bryant. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over UDP/IP. RFC 9025, RFC Editor, April 2021. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9025.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, L. Berger, A. Malis, S. Bryant, and J. Korhonen. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS. RFC 8964, RFC Editor, January 2021. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8964.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, A. Malis, and S. Bryant. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IP over IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). RFC 9023, RFC Editor, June 2021. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9023.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, A. Malis, and S. Bryant. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: MPLS over IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). RFC 9037, RFC Editor, June 2021. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9037.txt.
B. Varga, J. Farkas, A. Malis, S. Bryant, and D. Fedyk. Deterministic Networking (DetNet) Data Plane: IEEE 802.1 Time-Sensitive Networking over MPLS. RFC 9024, RFC Editor, June 2021. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9024.txt.
Balazs Varga, János Farkas, and Andrew G. Malis. Deterministic Networking (DetNet): DetNet PREOF via MPLS over UDP/IP. Internet-draft, Nov. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-detnet-mpls-over-ip-preof/.
JP. Vasseur and JL. Le Roux. Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol (PCEP). RFC 5440, RFC Editor, March 2009. http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5440.txt.
Quan Xiong. Gap Analysis for Enhanced DetNet Data Plane. Internet-draft, Dec. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-xiong-detnet-enhanced-detnet-gap-analysis/.
Quan Xiong and Peng Liu. PCEP Extension for DetNet Bounded Latency. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-xiong-pce-detnet-bounded-latency/.
Li Zhang, Xuesong Geng, and Tianran Zhou. PCEP for Enhanced DetNet. Internet-draft, Oct. 2022. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-zhang-pce-enhanced-detnet/.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, J.H., Zhou, Y., Xu, Y. (2024). Deterministic Network. In: Lin, X., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Kim, J. (eds) Fundamentals of 6G Communications and Networking. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37920-8_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37920-8_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-37919-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-37920-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)