Abstract
Liveable cities depend on environmental, technological and socioeconomic assets and on the institutional allocation of property rights that allow their mobilization by citizens and for citizens. The aim of this chapter is to understand whether the allocation of property rights for transit and land use relates to the sustainability and liveability of Functional Urban Areas. To do that, we formulate and apply a spatial interaction model to the Lisbon Metropolitan Region and assess the impact of changes in the property rights for land use, transit, land value and transport costs, more specifically on the impacts of spatially uniform transport tariffs. Simulation results of the spatial interaction model and the analysis of the evolution of housing prices in urban areas indicate that uniform pricing reduces competition, increases real estate prices in the periphery and promotes urban sprawl. Summing up, beyond environmental, technological and socioeconomic assets of Functional Urban Areas, property rights on land use and transit do play an important role in the urban form and liveability of Functional Urban Areas.
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Notes
- 1.
We use the framework of the work of George Chadwick (1978) in his book “A Systems View of Planning. Towards a Theory of the Urban and Regional Planning Process” where the author proposes a conceptual urban system involving environmental, technological (adapted spaces), socioeconomic and institutional subsystems.
- 2.
Uniform tariffs require cross subsidization and a coordinator public entity that is constrained by the monopolistic power perceived by the labour unions.
- 3.
Metro and railways promote suburbanization around stations and terminals and since railway transportation have high fixed costs some degree of equalization of tariffs make sense. The problem arises if road public transportation is included because there are more stations and it is easy to go further in the urban sprawl, until the border where average cost equals the average benefit.
- 4.
The “Navegante Metropolitano” pass, established since April 2019, will allow you to use all regular public passenger transport services in all 18 municipalities in the Lisbon metropolitan area. It will have a price of 40 euros and a monthly validity, that is, from the first to the last day of the month for which it was purchased. Those who choose the “Navegante Metropolitano” can go, for example, from Setúbal to Mafra, using any public passenger transport service operator with a single pass. https://www.aml.pt/index.php?cMILID=SUS5C743299BA9B1&cMILL=3&mIID=SUS5C743261A63E4&mIN=sobre&mILA=&cMILID1=SUS5787A25518AED&mIID1=3&mIN1=Mobilidade%20e%20transportes&cMILID2=SUS5C7431770397C&mIID2=SUS5C743115D5991&mIN2=novos%20passes&cMILID3=SUS5C743299BA9B1&mIID3=SUS5C743261A63E4&mIN3=sobre.
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- 6.
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Dentinho, T.P. (2023). The Impact of Spatially Egalitarian Functional Urban Areas: The Case of Lisbon Metropolitan Region. In: Fusco Girard, L., Kourtit, K., Nijkamp, P. (eds) The Future of Liveable Cities. Footprints of Regional Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37466-1_8
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