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Fish Resources and Fisheries in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Overview, Sustainability, and Conservation

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Ecological Sustainability of Fish Resources of Inland Waters of the Western Balkans

Part of the book series: Fish & Fisheries Series ((FIFI,volume 43))

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Abstract

Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has a dense and branched freshwater hydrographic network that consists of two drainage basins, the Adriatic and the Black Sea. B&H fish diversity has been relatively well researched. The fauna of freshwater fish of B&H is characterized by significant richness and diversity of species. It includes many endemic and relict taxa, resulting from spatial-ecological, geomorphological, hydrological, and climate diversity. Firstly, it recorded 108 freshwater fish species of B&H, but the most recent inventory registered 118 species. Today, fish are considered the most endangered group of vertebrates worldwide. As the most important causes of degradation of their habitats and reduction in the population density are the introduction of non-native invasive species, the decline of water quality, regulation of watercourses and land reclamation, construction of dams and creation of hydro-accumulations, and climate change. B&H is no exception in this regard, and the trend of deteriorating environmental conditions is current in both inland and coastal waters. The fisheries sector in B&H includes commercial and sport fishing in inland waters and sport fishing in coastal waters, with a very long tradition of fish farming. In the aquaculture sector, the most important fish species of salmonid ponds are brown trout and rainbow trout. Carp, grass carp, silver carp, and bighead carp are dominant species in cyprinid ponds. Salmonid aquaculture production occurs in the Federation of B&H and in the Republic of Srpska equally. Almost the total production of cyprinid aquaculture is realized in the Republic of Srpska. Given the favorable natural conditions and regular market demands, aquaculture, as a branch of agriculture, has the potential for more progressive development. Activities must focus on creating a more favorable business environment for both domestic and foreign investments in this area.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Bosnia and Herzegovina is defined as a decentralized state, which consists of two entities (the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Srpska), and from March 8, 2000, also the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina (https://www.ustavnisud. ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_bos.pdf). The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of federal units (cantons), of which there are 10 each of which has its government and constitution (ustav-federacije-Bosne i Hercegovine.pdf (skupstinabd.ba). According to the data of the Federal Bureau of Statistics of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (http://fzs.ba/index.php/2022/08/04/karta-bosne-i-hercegovine/ ), there are 79 local self-government units (municipalities/cities) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On the link of the National Assembly of the Republic of Srpska, we find information on the territorial organization of this entity, which includes 64 local government units, six cities, and 58 municipalities (https://www.narodnaskupstinars.net/?q=la/akti/usvojeni-zakoni/zakon -on-amendments-and-amendments-to-the-law-on-the-territorial-organization-of-the-republic). Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a separate administrative unit in Bosnia and Herzegovina that does not belong to any entity but to the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this territorially organized Bosnia and Herzegovina, the management of water resources includes responsibilities at the state level, at the entity level, and at the Brčko District level, and in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the cantonal level and at the local administration level, that is, at the municipal level. In the Republic of Srpska, in addition to the republican level, there is also a municipal level of water management. Observed according to different levels of management, the main institutions that participate in water resource management processes are: the Parliamentary Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina as the highest legislative body, which makes decisions on the ratification of documents important for the water sector. The Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina is responsible for conducting foreign policy and representing the state in international and European institutions and organizations. The Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, through the work and jurisdiction of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations, the Ministry of Communications and Transport and the Directorate for European Integration, coordinates and implements activities related to international agreements and contracts in the water sector. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for the implementation of the established policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina and for the development of international relations in accordance with the positions and guidelines of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations is responsible for performing tasks in the field of defining policy, principles, coordinating activities and harmonizing the plans of entity authorities and institutions on the international level in the field of environmental protection, development, and use of natural resources. The Ministry of Communications and Transport is in charge of preparing international treaties, agreements, and other acts regulating navigation on the Sava River. The Directorate for European Integration is responsible for coordinating the process of integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the European Union. The Food Safety Agency is responsible for ensuring the quality of water intended for human consumption.

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  • https://cin.ba/baza-zasticenih-podrucja/

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  • http://www.mvteo.gov.ba/Content/Read/vodni-resursi-linkovi

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Radoslav Dekić & Dragojla Golub

  2. Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Belma Kalamujić Stroil

  3. Biotechnical Faculty, University of Bihać, Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Azra Bakrač & Subha Avdić

  4. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Government of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Vera Kanlić

  5. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Rifat Škrijelj

  6. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Avdul Adrović

Authors
  1. Radoslav Dekić
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  2. Dragojla Golub
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  3. Belma Kalamujić Stroil
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  4. Azra Bakrač
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  5. Subha Avdić
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  6. Vera Kanlić
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  7. Rifat Škrijelj
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  8. Avdul Adrović
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Radoslav Dekić .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Vladica Simić

  2. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

    Snežana Simić

  3. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro

    Vladimir Pešić

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Dekić, R. et al. (2023). Fish Resources and Fisheries in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Overview, Sustainability, and Conservation. In: Simić, V., Simić, S., Pešić, V. (eds) Ecological Sustainability of Fish Resources of Inland Waters of the Western Balkans. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 43. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36926-1_3

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