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Towards Construction 4.0: Computational Circular Design and Additive Manufacturing for Architecture Through Robotic Fabrication with Sustainable Materials and Open-Source Tools

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Architecture and Design for Industry 4.0

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

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Abstract

There is a constant increase in demand for new construction worldwide, which is one of the main contributors of worldwide CO2 emissions. Over the last decades, such increase led to scarcity of raw materials. Although design methods have been developed to increase material efficiency, this has not yet led to a widespread reduction in material consumption. This is due to a variety of factors, mainly related to the inability of conventional fabrication methods to produce the complex shapes that result from such computational methods. Industrial robots, while offering the potential to produce such optimised shapes, often rely on inflexible interfaces and highly complex industry standards and hardware components. In response to this dual sustainability and technology challenge, this article describes a series of research projects for the design and manufacture of architectural components using renewable materials and robotics. These projects are based on novel additive robotic building processes specifically designed for renewable and bio-based building materials, ranging in scale from solid wood elements to continuous wood fibres. We propose methods to optimise the distribution of such materials at their respective scales, as well as manufacturing methods for their production. In this context, the use of novel and automatable joining methods based on form-fit joints, biological welding and bio-based binders paves the way for a sustainable and circular architectural approach. Our research aims to develop intuitive open-source software and hardware approaches for computational design and robotic fabrication, in order to expand the scope of such technologies to a wider audience of designers, construction companies and other stakeholders in architectural design and fabrication.

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Acknowledgements

Research presented in this article was funded by the following grants: Flignum (FNR, #22026418), 3DWoodWind (BBSR, 10.08.18.7-20.24 and 10.08.17.7-21.10), Robotic Timber Assembly (DFG, 436451184), RAP-Lab (DFG, #416914951), Rethinking Wood (BBSR, #10.08.18.7-21.22), Home (BBSR, 10.08.18.7-21.48).

Research was developed in collaboration with Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böhm (Flignum), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Julian Lienhard (3DWoodWind Research Prototype), Prof. Heike Klussmann (Flignum), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Werner Seim (Robotic Timber Assembly), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jan Wurm and Prof. Dirk Hebel (Home).

Scientific development and creative contributions to the different projects were done by our chairs team members Anne Liebringshausen, Andreas Göbert, Julian Ochs, Julia Hannu, Eda Özdemir, Nadja Nolte, Kristina Schramm, Hannah Hagedorn, Guido Brinkmann and former team members Zuardin Akbar, Mohammed Dawod, Arjen Deetman, Carl Eppinger, Christoph Schlopschnat and Benedikt Wannemacher.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental and Digital Design and Construction, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany

    Philipp Eversmann & Andrea Rossi

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  1. Philipp Eversmann
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  2. Andrea Rossi
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Correspondence to Philipp Eversmann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy

    Maurizio Barberio

  2. Dipartimento di Architettura, Costruzione e Design, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy

    Micaela Colella

  3. Dipartimento di Pianificazione, Design e Tecnologia dell’Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy

    Angelo Figliola

  4. Dipartimento di Pianificazione, Design e Tecnologia dell’Architettura, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy

    Alessandra Battisti

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Eversmann, P., Rossi, A. (2024). Towards Construction 4.0: Computational Circular Design and Additive Manufacturing for Architecture Through Robotic Fabrication with Sustainable Materials and Open-Source Tools. In: Barberio, M., Colella, M., Figliola, A., Battisti, A. (eds) Architecture and Design for Industry 4.0. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36922-3_17

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