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Artificial Intelligence

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Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Real-World Data

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Abstract

The history of artificial intelligence is a long one, even going back to the ancient Greeks who sought to mimic human intelligence in a machine, the Automaton. However, much of what we consider to be the story of artificial intelligence encompasses only the last 75 years, when the field of research and practice of artificial intelligence was named as such by the giants in the discipline at the time. This chapter reviews this history, focusing on deductive inference, rather than machine learning; it begins with the proposal for a summer institute on artificial intelligence in 1955, through the development of deductive, rule-based approaches to machine-driven inference, including methods for how these approaches were realized on computers. These approaches, realized as knowledge-based systems, found their manifestation a number of domains, including medical decision making, clinical education, population health surveillance, data representation and integration, and clinical trial support. This history provides the reader with an “family tree” of sorts that shows the evolution of artificial intelligence through the past seven decades and its application to medicine and public health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 401 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    John H. Holmes

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  1. John H. Holmes
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Correspondence to John H. Holmes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Folkert W. Asselbergs

  2. Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK

    Spiros Denaxas

  3. Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Daniel L. Oberski

  4. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jason H. Moore

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Holmes, J.H. (2023). Artificial Intelligence. In: Asselbergs, F.W., Denaxas, S., Oberski, D.L., Moore, J.H. (eds) Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Real-World Data. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36678-9_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36678-9_14

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