Abstract
Hydrocephalus (HCP) encompasses a large spectrum of clinical entities, with multiple distinguishing features. Consequently, several classification systems were proposed based on multiple criteria. Even though none of them thoroughly comprehend the conditions associated with HCP, many have been proved useful in current clinical practice. A multi-categorical classification could mitigate these difficulties, as proposed by some researchers. However, increasing complexity may lead to low applicability on a daily basis. The challenge of creating a practical and comprehensive system of classification for HCP remains one of the greatest missions for current neurosurgery research.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- CSF:
-
Cerebrospinal fluid
- ETV:
-
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
- HC:
-
Hydrocephalus
- ICP:
-
Intracranial pressure
- iNPH:
-
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
References
Beni-Adani L, Biani N, Ben-Sirah L, Constantini S. The occurrence of obstructive vs absorptive hydrocephalus in newborns and infants: relevance to treatment choices. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(12):1543–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-006-0193-5.
Rekate H. A contemporary definition and classification of hydrocephalus. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2009;16(1):9–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2009.01.002.
Alvi M, Brown D, Yolcu Y, Zreik J, Bydon M, Cutsforth-Gregory J, et al. Predictors of adverse outcomes and cost after surgical management for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Analyses from a national database. Clini Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;197: 106178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106178.
Kulkarni AV, Drake JM, Kestle JR, et al. Predicting who will benefit from endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared with shunt insertion in childhood hydrocephalus using the ETV Success Score [published correction appears in J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Feb;7(2):221] [published correction appears in J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Feb;7(2):221]. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010;6(4):310–15. https://doi.org/10.3171/2010.8.PEDS103.
Oi S, Sato O, Matsumoto S. No to hattatsu = Brain and development. 1994;26(3):232–38.
Oi S. Classification of hydrocephalus: critical analysis of classification categories and advantages of “Multi-categorical Hydrocephalus Classification” (Mc HC). Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(10):1523–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-011-1542-6.
Vandertop W. Arrested hydrocephalus. Neuropediatrics. 2018;49(05):301–301. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661350.
Kim M, Park S, Lee J, Kim H, Rhim J, Park S, et al. Differences in brain morphology between hydrocephalus ex vacuo and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Psychiatry Invest. 2021;18(7);628–635. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0352.
Russell DS. Observation on the pathology of hydrocephalus. Medical Research Council Special Report. 1949:112–13. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1950.04040020539018.
Dandy, W. Experimental hydrocephalus. Ann Surg. 1919;70(2):129–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-191908000-00001
Czosnyka M. Monitoring and interpretation of intracranial pressure. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75(6):813–21. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2003.033126.
Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black P. Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(suppl_3):S2-4–S2-16. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000168185.29659.c.
Wu X, Zang D, Wu X, Sun Y, Yu J, Hu J. Diagnosis and management for secondary low- or negative-pressure hydrocephalus and a new hydrocephalus classification based on ventricular pressure. World Neurosurg. 2019;124:e510–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.12.123.
Diaz-Romero Paz R, Avendaño Altimira P, Coloma Valverde G, Balhen Martin C. A rare case of negative-pressure hydrocephalus: a plausible explanation and the role of transmantle theory. World Neurosurg. 2019;125:6–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.117.
Casado Pellejero J, Moles Herbera J, Vázquez Sufuentes S, Orduna MartĂnez J, Rivero Celada D, Fustero de Miguel D. Hidrocefalia aguda a presiĂłn negativa: propuesta de manejo y valor de la ventriculostomĂa temprana. NeurocirugĂa. 2022;33(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2020.11.002.
Rekate H. Low or negative pressure hydrocephalus demystified. World Neurosurg. 2019;128:287–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.032.
d’Avella D, Causin F. Hydrocephalus in vein of Galen malformation. Another paradigm shift in neurosurgery. Acta Neurochir. 2016;158:1285–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-016-2837-x.
Lomachinsky V, Taborsky J, Felici G, Charvat F, Benes V III, Liby P. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in an infant with vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation treated by endovascular occlusion: case report and a review of literature. Neurochirurgie. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.12.001.
Milan JB, Jensen TS, Nørager N, Pedersen SS, Riedel CS, Toft NM, Ammar A, Foroughi M, Grotenhuis A, Perera A, Rekate H, Juhler M. The aspect hydrocephalus system: a non-hierarchical descriptive system for clinical use. Acta Neurochir. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-022-05412-6.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Barros, L.C.M., Lomachinsky, V., LibĂ˝, P. (2023). Modern Hydrocephalus Classification Systems. In: Bradac, O. (eds) Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36522-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36522-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36521-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-36522-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)