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Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Trauma

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Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Critical Care, Anesthesiology and Palliative Care

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Abstract

In the trauma setting, acute respiratory failure (ARF) can complicate the clinical course in up to 20% of major trauma patients, and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) plays a considerable role in the management of it.

ARF following trauma can be the consequence of direct chest injury (i.e. rib fracture, pulmonary contusion, penetrating chest trauma, pneumothorax) or indirect injury (i.e. traumatic brain injury, fat embolism, TRALI) and in each of the cases the ventilation goal is to preserve lung recruitment and gas exchange, while avoiding ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI).

In selected trauma patients, NIV can represent the best strategy of respiratory support, thanks to its reduced risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia if compared to invasive ventilation; the proper ventilation setting should be protective, with the aim of minimizing airway pressure and, at the same time, preventing end-expiratory collapse.

In the trauma setting NIV appears to be safe and helpful when used in appropriately selected patients, however strong evidences are still needed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Intensive Care Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Carmine Iacovazzo, Claudia Veropalumbo, Maria Vargas & Giuseppe Servillo

Authors
  1. Carmine Iacovazzo
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  2. Claudia Veropalumbo
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  3. Maria Vargas
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  4. Giuseppe Servillo
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurosc, Reprod, Odontostomatol Sc, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Giuseppe Servillo

  2. Neurosc, Reprod, Odontostomatol Sc, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Maria Vargas

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Iacovazzo, C., Veropalumbo, C., Vargas, M., Servillo, G. (2023). Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Trauma. In: Servillo, G., Vargas, M. (eds) Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Critical Care, Anesthesiology and Palliative Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36510-2_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36510-2_13

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36509-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-36510-2

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