Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Long-Term Imaging

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Limb Preservation for the Vascular Specialist

  • 198 Accesses

Abstract

Long-term imaging follow-up after intervention is a key component to allow for early re-intervention and ensure long-term vascular patency. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is the mainstay of imaging follow-up in addition to clinical acumen. DUS is routinely performed to establish a baseline within the first month after intervention then subsequent routine examinations occurring at a minimum at 6 months and then annually; more frequent regimens are recommended based upon the clinical status of the patient and types of intervention performed. New or worsening wounds, recurrence of symptoms, or change in physical exam should also prompt DUS evaluation. Cross-sectional imaging and catheter-directed angiogram are warranted when abnormalities are noted on DUS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mohler ER 3rd, Bundens W, Denenberg J, Medenilla E, Hiatt WR, Criqui MH. Progression of asymptomatic peripheral artery disease over 1 year. Vasc Med. 2012;17(1):10–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Guidelines Writing Group, Conte MS, Pomposelli FB, Clair DG, Geraghty PJ, McKinsey JF, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines for atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities: management of asymptomatic disease and claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61(3 Suppl):2S–41S.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Conte MS, Bradbury AW, Kolh P, White JV, Dick F, Fitridge R, et al. Global vascular guidelines on the management of chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019;58(1S):S1–S109.e33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, Nehler MR, Harris KA, Fowkes FG, et al. Inter-Society Consensus for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II). J Vasc Surg. 2007;45 Suppl. S:S5–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mofidi R, Kelman J, Berry O, Bennett S, Murie JA, Dawson AR. Significance of the early postoperative duplex result in infrainguinal vein bypass surveillance. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;34(3):327–32. (25)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Armstrong PA, Bandyk DF, Wilson JS, Shames ML, Johnson BL, Back MR. Optimizing infrainguinal arm vein bypass patency with duplex ultrasound surveillance and endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg. 2004;40(4):724–30. discussion 730-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Landry GJ, Moneta GL, Taylor LM Jr, Edwards JM, Yeager RA, Porter JM. Long-term outcome of revised lower-extremity bypass grafts. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35(1):56–62. discussion 62-3

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Zierler RE, Jordan WD, Lal BK, Mussa F, Leers S, Fulton J, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery practice guidelines on follow-up after vascular surgery arterial procedures. J Vasc Surg. 2018;68(1):256–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Stone PA, Armstrong PA, Bandyk DF, Keeling WB, Flaherty SK, Shames ML, et al. Duplex ultrasound criteria for femorofemoral bypass revision. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44(3):496–502.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Baril DT, Rhee RY, Kim J, Makaroun MS, Chaer RA, Marone LK. Duplex criteria for determination of in-stent stenosis after angioplasty and stenting of the superficial femoral artery. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49(1):133–8. discussion 139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shrikhande GV, Graham AR, Aparajita R, Gallagher KA, Morrissey NJ, McKinsey JF, et al. Determining criteria for predicting stenosis with ultrasound duplex after endovascular intervention in infrainguinal lesions. Ann Vasc Surg. 2011;25(4):454–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Saqib NU, Domenick N, Cho JS, Marone L, Leers S, Makaroun MS, et al. Predictors and outcomes of restenosis following tibial artery endovascular interventions for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(3):692–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Mewissen MW, Kinney EV, Bandyk DF, Reifsnyder T, Seabrook GR, Lipchik EO, et al. The role of duplex scanning versus angiography in predicting outcome after balloon angioplasty in the femoropopliteal artery. J Vasc Surg. 1992;15(5):860–5. discussion 865-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Humphries MD, Pevec WC, Laird JR, Yeo KK, Hedayati N, Dawson DL. Early duplex scanning after infrainguinal endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(2):353–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Troutman DA, Madden NJ, Dougherty MJ, Calligaro KD. Duplex ultrasound diagnosis of failing stent grafts placed for occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60(6):1580–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Bui TD, Mills JLS, Ihnat DM, Gruessner AC, Goshima KR, Hughes JD. The natural history of duplex-detected stenosis after femoropopliteal endovascular therapy suggests questionable clinical utility of routine duplex surveillance. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(2):346–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Robinson WP 3rd, Nguyen LL, Bafford R, Belkin M. Results of second-time angioplasty and stenting for femoropopliteal occlusive disease and factors affecting outcomes. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53(3):651–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tielbeek AV, Rietjens E, Buth J, Vroegindeweij D, Schol FP. The value of duplex surveillance after endovascular intervention for femoropopliteal obstructive disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996;12(2):145–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Connors G, Todoran TM, Engelson BA, Sobieszczyk PS, Eisenhauer AC, Kinlay S. Percutaneous revascularization of long femoral artery lesions for claudication: patency over 2.5 years and impact of systematic surveillance. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;77(7):1055–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: a Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(11):e71–e126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mills JLS, Wixon CL, James DC, Devine J, Westerband A, Hughes JD. The natural history of intermediate and critical vein graft stenosis: recommendations for continued surveillance or repair. J Vasc Surg. 2001;33(2):273–8. discussion 278-80

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Weinberg I, Vedantham S, Salter A, Hadley G, Al-Hammadi N, Kearon C, et al. Relationships between the use of pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis, sonographic findings, and clinical outcomes in patients with acute proximal DVT: results from the ATTRACT Multicenter Randomized Trial. Vasc Med. 2019;24(5):442–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Vedantham S, Grassi CJ, Ferral H, Patel NH, Thorpe PE, Antonacci VP, et al. Reporting standards for endovascular treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2009;20(7 Suppl):S391–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bozkaya H, Cinar C, Ertugay S, Korkmaz M, Guneyli S, Posacioglu H, et al. Endovascular treatment of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome: angioplasty and stenting with or without manual aspiration thrombectomy and catheter-directed thrombolysis. Ann Vasc Dis. 2015;8(1):21–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Rollo JC, Farley SM, Oskowitz AZ, Woo K, DeRubertis BG. Contemporary outcomes after venography-guided treatment of patients with May-Thurner syndrome. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(5):667–676.e1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kurklinsky AK, Bjarnason H, Friese JL, Wysokinski WE, McBane RD, Misselt A, et al. Outcomes of venoplasty with stent placement for chronic thrombosis of the iliac and femoral veins: single-center experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23(8):1009–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Mahnken AH, Thomson K, de Haan M, O’Sullivan GJ. CIRSE standards of practice guidelines on iliocaval stenting. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2014;37(4):889–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hage AN, Srinivasa RN, Abramowitz SD, Cooper KJ, Khaja MS, Barnes GD, et al. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction for the treatment of iliocaval thrombosis: from imaging to intervention. Vasc Med. 2018;23(3):267–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Chick JFB, Srinivasa RN, Cooper KJ, Jairath N, Hage AN, Spencer B, et al. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction for chronic iliocaval thrombosis: the data, where we are, and how it is done. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018;21(2):92–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hage AN, Srinivasa RN, Abramowitz SD, Gemmete JJ, Reddy SN, Chick JFB. Endovascular iliocaval stent reconstruction for iliocaval thrombosis: a multi-institutional international practice pattern survey. Ann Vasc Surg. 2018;49:64–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yang CH, Chou HS, Lo YF. Incompetent great saphenous veins treated with endovenous 1,320-nm laser: results for 71 legs and morphologic evolvement study. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32(12):1453–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Khilnani NM, Grassi CJ, Kundu S, D’Agostino HR, Khan AA, McGraw JK, et al. Multi-society consensus quality improvement guidelines for the treatment of lower-extremity superficial venous insufficiency with endovenous thermal ablation from the Society of Interventional Radiology, Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe, American College of Phlebology and Canadian Interventional Radiology Association. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2010;21(1):14–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Interventional Radiology, Froedtert Memorial Lutheran Hospital - Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Philip T. Skummer, Matthew J. Scheidt & Parag J. Patel

  2. Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sreekumar Madassery

Authors
  1. Philip T. Skummer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Matthew J. Scheidt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Parag J. Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sreekumar Madassery
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Sreekumar Madassery

  2. Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA

    Aesha Patel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Skummer, P.T., Scheidt, M.J., Patel, P.J., Madassery, S. (2023). Long-Term Imaging. In: Madassery, S., Patel, A. (eds) Limb Preservation for the Vascular Specialist. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36480-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36480-8_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36479-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-36480-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation