Abstract
Water is Pakistan’s lifeline and has had a profound influence on the civilizational development in the region. The river Indus (also known as the river Sindhu) affects the psyche of people living in Pakistan to mythic proportions. In the same way, a huge part of the glaciers of the Third Pole lies in Pakistan and are held almost with reverence by people who live on the roof of the world. This new century has brought new challenges including the direct impact of climate change on water—the unexpected and intense changes in water regimes and water cycles, shifting of seasons, distortion of natural regions, and loss of ecosystems. Yet in Pakistan these crucial conversations are swept aside in the obsession with irrigation-based agriculture and more infrastructure development. Pakistan’s water policy of 2018 is a long wish list and does not contain a coherent contextual narrative within which this wish list can be understood. This chapter outlines priority actions and responsibilities largely missing from the water discourse: water conservation at all levels from homes to the agricultural sector as a whole, new water subjects to train and engage young people, water services to rural areas to stem rural-urban migration, urban water management, new water technologies, building the capabilities of people and institutions to manage the effects of global climate change on water supplies, moving to smaller and more manageable water infrastructure, building the physical health of rivers, lakes, groundwater, springs, and glaciers.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
Adopted from the concept paper of the Panjwani Hisaar Water Institute (PHWI), 2018.
References
Azeem, T. (2018, September 28). Pakistan and the Dam Fund: Can Pakistan crowdfund itself two dams and thus out of a looming water crisis? The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/pakistan-and-the-dam-fund/
Briscoe, J., & Qamar, U. (2005). Pakistan’s water economy: Running dry. World Bank.
CEO Water Mandate. (2019). Water and circular economy (2018). https://ceowatermandate.org/resources/water-and-circular-economy-2018/
Conforti, P. (2011). Looking ahead in world food and agriculture: Perspectives to 2050. FAO. https://www.fao.org/publications/
Daud, M. K., Nafees, M., Ali, S., Rizwan, M., Bajwa, R. A., Shakoor, M. B., et al. (2017). Drinking water quality status and contamination in Pakistan. BioMed Research International. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7908183
Duddu, P. (2019, April 18). Dasu hydropower project. Power technology. https://www.power-technology.com/projects/dasu-hydropower-project/
FAO. (2014). The water-energy-food nexus: A new approach in support of food security and sustainable agriculture. FAO. https://www.fao.org/
Government of Pakistan Ministry of Water Resources. (2018). National water policy. https://ffc.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/National-Water-Policy-April-2018-FINAL_3-1.pdf
Hisaar Foundation. (2016). Think tank on rational use of water: Recommendations for Pakistan’s water policy framework. https://water.muet.edu.pk/
IUCN. (2010). Pakistan water apportionment accord for resolving inter-provincial water conflicts—policy issues and options. https://www.iucn.org/downloads/
Kamal, S. (2018, July 6). National water policy and mainstreaming of women. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1750675/6-national-water-policy-mainstreaming-women
Karachi Water and Sewerage Board. (2021). https://www.kwsb.gos.pk
Kay, Melvin. (2011). Water Smart: The role of water and technology in food security. International Trade Forum. https://www.tradeforum.org/article/Water-Smart-The-role-of-water-and-technology-in-food-security/
Khan, S. (2021, November 27). All glam, no dam. International the News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/912032-all-glam-no-dam
Khan, H. F., Yang, Y. E., Ringler, C., Wi, S., Cheema, M. J. M., & Basharat, M. (2017). Guiding groundwater policy in the Indus Basin of Pakistan using a physically based groundwater model. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 143(3), 05016014. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000733
Kundi, B. (2017, November 1). Pakistan’s water crisis: Why a national water policy is needed. The Asia Foundation. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/
Latif, A. (2018, September 11). Pakistan’s dam jihad—a viable option? Asia-Pacific. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistans-dam-jihad-a-viable-option/
Law and Justice Commission of Pakistan (LJCP). (2018, October 20). Creating a water secure Pakistan [Press Release for International Symposium]. http://ljcp.gov.pk/nljcp/assets/dist/news_pdf/6f52d-final-press-release
Lytton, L., Ali, A., Garthwaite, B., Punthakey, J. F., & Saeed, B. (2021). Groundwater in Pakistan’s Indus Basin: Present and future prospects. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/
Ministry of Planning, GoP. (2014). Pakistan 2025: One nation – One vision. Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform, GoP. https://www.pc.gov.pk/uploads/vision2025/
Mirza, Z. (2021, August 6). Healthcare and budget 2021–22. Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/
News Desk. (2021, August 6). PTI Govt used Dam funds in routine expenditure but not for dams? Global village space. https://www.globalvillagespace.com/pti-govt-used-dam-funds-in-routine-expenditure-but-not-for-dams/
NIPS, & ICF. (2019). Pakistan demographic and health survey 2017–18. NIPS and ICF. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/
OECD. (2012). OECD environmental outlook to 2050: The consequences of inaction. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/oecd-environmental-outlook-to-2050
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (2021). https://www.pbs.gov.pk.
Qureshi, A. S. (2020). Groundwater Governance in Pakistan: From Colossal Development to Neglected Management. Water. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/3017
Rajput, I. (2015, November 17–18). Government—Friend, foe or fellow traveler? [Conference presentation]. Hisaar Foundation Second Karachi International Water Conference—Securing Sustainable Water For All: Innovation, Integration, Inclusion. Karachi, Pakistan.
Rasheed, H., Altaf, F., Anwaar, K., & Ashraf, M. (2021). Drinking water quality in Pakistan: Current status and challenges. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR). https://pcrwr.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Drinking-Water-Quality-in-Pakistan-2021
Singh, H. (2021, December 10). Polluters risk litigation if they fail to address loss and damage. The Third Pole. https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/loss-and-damage-polluters-risk-litigation/
Taylor, M., & Watts, J. (2019, October 9). Revealed: the 20 firms behind a third of all carbon emissions. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/09/revealed-20-firms-third-carbon-emissions
UNDP. (2020). Pakistan national human development report 2020. UNDP. https://www.undp.org/pakistan/publications/
UNICEF Pakistan. (2019). Every child lives in a safe and clean environment. Country programme of cooperation between the government of Pakistan and UNICEF 2018–2022. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/media
WASH: Water, Sanitation and hygiene. (2021). UNICEF Pakistan. https://www.unicef.org/pakistan/wash-water-sanitation-and-hygiene
World Bank. (2021). Pakistan – Macro poverty outlook. World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/
WWF. (2012). Development of Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) for Indus Basin. WWF. https://wwfasia.awsassets.panda.org/
WWF. (2019). Situational analysis of water resources of Karachi. WWF.
Young, W. J., Anwar, A., Bhatti, T., Borgomeo, E., Davies, S., Garthwaite, W. R., III, & Saeed, B. (2019). Pakistan: Getting more from water. World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/
Zahid, J. (2018). Impact of clean drinking water and sanitation on water borne diseases in Pakistan. Sustainable Development Policy Institute. http://hdl.handle.net/11540/8389
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kamal, S. (2023). Pakistan’s Water: Changing the Narrative, Changing the Outcomes. In: Ahmad, M. (eds) Water Policy in Pakistan. Global Issues in Water Policy, vol 30. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36131-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36131-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-36130-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-36131-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)