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Hyalohyphomycosis: Infection Due to Hyaline Molds

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections

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Abstract

Hyalohyphomycosis is a group of invasive mycoses caused by fungi that present in tissue as septate hyaline hyphae. Agents of hyalohyphomycosis typically include Fusarium (the most frequent), Scedosporium, Paecilomyces, Acremonium, Scopulariopsis, and others. These fungi are widely encountered in nature, and may cause superficial or locally invasive infection in non-immunocompromised patients, usually as a result of trauma, and invasive and disseminated disease in immunocompromised patients. The management of invasive infection caused by the agents of hyalohyphomycosis is challenging because there are no randomized trials evaluating different treatment regimens, in vitro susceptibility tests usually show high minimum inhibitory concentrations to most antifungal agents, and the outcome is largely dependent on the recovery of immunity. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of these infections.

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Further Reading

  • Chen SC, Halliday CL, Hoenigl M, Cornely OA, Meyer W. Scedosporium and Lomentospora infections: contemporary microbiological tools for the diagnosis of invasive disease. J Fungi (Basel). 2021;7(1):23.

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  • Seidel D, Meissner A, Lackner M, et al. Prognostic factors in 264 adults with invasive Scedosporium spp. and Lomentospora prolificans infection reported in the literature and FungiScope((R)). Crit Rev. Microbiol. 2019;45(1):1–21.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Marcio Nucci

  2. Mycology Laboratory, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Gloria Barreiros

  3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Simone A. Nouér

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  1. Marcio Nucci
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  2. Gloria Barreiros
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  3. Simone A. Nouér
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Correspondence to Marcio Nucci .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Duane R. Hospenthal

  2. Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Michael G. Rinaldi

  3. Departments of Medicine and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Thomas J. Walsh

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Nucci, M., Barreiros, G., Nouér, S.A. (2023). Hyalohyphomycosis: Infection Due to Hyaline Molds. In: Hospenthal, D.R., Rinaldi, M.G., Walsh, T.J. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35803-6_12

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