Skip to main content

The Effect of Green Organizational Culture on Environmental Citizenship in the Egyptian Tourism and Hospitality Sector: The Mediating Role of Green Human Resource Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Global Perspectives on Green HRM

Abstract

There are many motives that drive organizations to adopt a green organizational culture that enhances their environmental role and green human resource management practices. The chapter aims to explore the impact of green organizational culture on both green human resource management and environmental citizenship in Egyptian travel agencies. The chapter also aims to examine the mediating role of green human resource management in the link between green organizational culture and environmental citizenship. To meet the chapter’s aims, a survey was developed to collect data from a random sample of Egyptian travel agency managers and supervisors; 812 surveys were distributed, but only 573 were processed. The results showed that green organizational culture has a significant and positive impact on green human resource management and environmental citizenship. The results also highlight that green human resource management significantly and positively affects environmental citizenship. Moreover, the results concluded that green human resource management plays a partial mediating role in the link between green organizational culture and environmental citizenship.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdeen, T. H., & Ahmed, N. H. S. (2019). Perceived financial sustainability of tourism enterprises: Do green human resource management practices truly matter. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 7(2), 173–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aboramadan, M., & Karatepe, O. M. (2021). Green human resource management, perceived green organizational support and their effects on hotel employees’ behavioral outcomes. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3199–3222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aggarwal, P., & Agarwala, T. (2022). Relationship of green human resource management with environmental performance: Mediating effect of green organizational culture. Benchmarking: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-08-2021-0474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, U., Umrani, W. A., Yousaf, A., Siddiqui, M. A., & Pahi, M. H. (2021). Developing faithful stewardship for environment through green HRM. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(10), 3115–3133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alazemi, K., & Ahmad, F. S. (2020). Establishing the validity and reliability of Kuwait resources of nation branding model. International Journal of Society Systems Science, 12(1), 51–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al Doghan, M. A., Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Soomro, B. A., & Ali Alayis, M. M. H. (2022). Organizational environmental culture, environmental sustainability and performance: The mediating role of green HRM and green innovation. Sustainability, 14(12), 7510.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ali Gaafar, H., & Al-Romeedy, B. (2022). Neuromarketing as a novel method to tourism destination marketing: Evidence from Egypt. Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 22(1), 48–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alin, A. (2010). Multicollinearity. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 370–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Romeedy, B. S. (2019). Green human resource management in Egyptian travel agencies: Constraints of implementation and requirements for success. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 18(4), 529–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Romeedy, B. S., & Mohamed, A. (2022). Does Strategic renewal affect the organizational reputation of travel agents through organizational identification? International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 5(1), 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Swidi, A. K., Gelaidan, H. M., & Saleh, R. M. (2021). The joint impact of green human resource management, leadership and organizational culture on employees’ green behaviour and organizational environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 316, 128112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amini, M., Bienstock, C. C., & Narcum, J. A. (2018). Status of corporate sustainability: A content analysis of Fortune 500 companies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), 1450–1461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anwar, N., Mahmood, N. H. N., Yusliza, M. Y., Ramayah, T., Faezah, J. N., & Khalid, W. (2020). Green Human Resource Management for organizational citizenship behaviour towards the environment and environmental performance on a university campus. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ari, E., Karatepe, O. M., Rezapouraghdam, H., & Avci, T. (2020). A conceptual model for green human resource management: Indicators, differential pathways, and multiple pro-environmental outcomes. Sustainability, 12(17), 7089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boiral, O., & Paillé, P. (2012). Organizational citizenship behaviour for the environment: Measurement and validation. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 431–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chai, D. S., Song, J. H., & You, Y. M. (2020). Psychological ownership and openness to change: The mediating effects of work engagement, and knowledge creation. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 33(3), 305–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C. H. (2015). Proactive and reactive corporate social responsibility: Antecedent and consequence. Management Decision, 53(2), 451–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheema, S., Afsar, B., & Javed, F. (2020). Employees’ corporate social responsibility perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment: The mediating roles of organizational identification and environmental orientation fit. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(1), 9–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Danirmala, L., & Prajogo, W. (2022). The mediating role of green training to the influence of green organizational culture to green organizational citizenship behavior and green employee involvement. IJHCM (International Journal of Human Capital Management), 6(1), 66–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dumont, J., Shen, J., & Deng, X. (2017). Effects of green HRM practices on employee workplace green behavior: The role of psychological green climate and employee green values. Human Resource Management, 56(4), 613–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ElKhouly, S. E., Mabrouk, A. M., & Yehia, E. A. (2020). Green manufacturing practices as a tool for improving competitiveness in the light of Egypt’s Vision 2030 “an empirical study on Egyptian ceramic industry.” Scientific Journal of Financial and Administrative Studies and Research, 8(2), 381–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elshaer, I. A., Sobaih, A. E. E., Aliedan, M., & Azazz, A. M. (2021). The effect of green human resource management on environmental performance in small tourism enterprises: Mediating role of pro-environmental behaviors. Sustainability, 13(4), 1956.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esen, E., & Caliskan, A. O. (2019). Green human resource management (GHRM) and environmental sustainability. PressAcademia Procedia, 9(1), 58–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farghaly, M., Eljalil, A., & Zaki, M. (2021). Green human resource practices: Implementation level in the Egyptian travel agencies. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 4(2), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq, R., Zhang, Z., Talwar, S., & Dhir, A. (2022). Do green human resource management and self-efficacy facilitate green creativity? A study of luxury hotels and resorts. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 30(4), 824–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrukh, M., Ansari, N., Raza, A., Wu, Y., & Wang, H. (2022). Fostering employee’s pro-environmental behavior through green transformational leadership, green human resource management and environmental knowledge. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121643.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freire, C., & Pieta, P. (2022). The impact of green human resource management on organizational citizenship behaviors: The mediating role of organizational identification and job satisfaction. Sustainability, 14(13), 7557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaafar, H., Elzek, Y., & Al-Romeedy, B. (2021). The effect of green human resource management on green organizational behaviors: Evidence from Egyptian travel agencies. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(4), 1339–1356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gürlek, M., & Tuna, M. (2018). Reinforcing competitive advantage through green organizational culture and green innovation. The Service Industries Journal, 38(7–8), 467–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hadjri, M. I., Perizade, B., & Farla, W. (2019, October). Green human resource management, green organizational culture, and environmental performance: An empirical study. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 10, 138–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective. Pearson Education Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.‏

    Google Scholar 

  • Hameed, Z., Khan, I. U., Islam, T., Sheikh, Z., & Naeem, R. M. (2020). Do green HRM practices influence employees’ environmental performance? International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 1061–1079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooi, L. W., Liu, M. S., & Lin, J. J. (2021). Green human resource management and green organizational citizenship behavior: Do green culture and green values matter? International Journal of Manpower, 43(3), 763–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islam, M. A., Jantan, A. H., Yusoff, Y. M., Chong, C. W., & Hossain, M. S. (2020). Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and millennial employees’ turnover intentions in tourism industry in Malaysia: Moderating role of work environment. Global Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150920907000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakar, A. S., & Khan, M. (2022). Exploring the impact of green HRM practices on pro-environmental behavior via interplay of organization citizenship behavior. Green Finance, 4(3), 274–294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karatepe, O. M., Hsieh, H., & Aboramadan, M. (2022). The effects of green human resource management and perceived organizational support for the environment on green and nongreen hotel employee outcomes. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 103, 103202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil, M. E. (2020). Exploring inclusiveness in green hotels for sustainable development in Egypt. International Journal of Industry and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 15–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. A. S., Jianguo, D., Ali, M., Saleem, S., & Usman, M. (2019). Interrelations between ethical leadership, green psychological climate, and organizational environmental citizenship behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Y. J., Kim, W. G., Choi, H. M., & Phetvaroon, K. (2019). The effect of green human resource management on hotel employees’ eco-friendly behavior and environmental performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 76, 83–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koopman, J., Howe, M., Hollenbeck, J. R., & Sin, H. P. (2015). Small sample mediation testing: Misplaced confidence in bootstrapped confidence intervals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(1), 194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lasrado, F., & Arora, B. (2018). Social identity and environmental citizenship in multinational corporations: An exploratory investigation and future research directions. Social Identities, 24(5), 624–646.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z., Mei, S., & Guo, Y. (2020). Green human resource management, green organization identity and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: The moderating effect of environmental values. Chinese Management Studies, 15(2), 290–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luu, T. T. (2019). Green human resource practices and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: The roles of collective green crafting and environmentally specific servant leadership. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 27(8), 1167–1196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra, N. K., Schaller, T. K., & Patil, A. (2017). Common method variance in advertising research: When to be concerned and how to control for it. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), 193–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malik, S. Y., Hayat Mughal, Y., Azam, T., Cao, Y., Wan, Z., Zhu, H., & Thurasamy, R. (2021). Corporate social responsibility, green human resources management, and sustainable performance: Is organizational citizenship behavior towards environment the missing link? Sustainability, 13(3), 1044.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Margaretha, M., & Saragih, S. (2013, March). Developing new corporate culture through green human resource practice. International Conference on Business, Economics, and Accounting, 1(10).‏

    Google Scholar 

  • Masri, H. A., & Jaaron, A. A. (2017). Assessing green human resources management practices in Palestinian manufacturing context: An empirical study. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 474–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohamed, E. M. M., Helmy, N. M., & Fawi, W. M. (2022). Adoption of green human resources management practices by hotels in Egypt: Drivers, perceived benefits and challenges. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 5(2), 155–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammad, N., Bibi, Z., Karim, J., & Durrani, D. (2020). Green human resource management practices and organizational citizenship behaviour for environment: The Interactive Effects of Green Passion. International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, and Applied Sciences and Technologies, 11(6), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muisyo, P. K., & Qin, S. (2021). Enhancing the FIRM’S green performance through green HRM: The moderating role of green innovation culture. Journal of Cleaner Production, 289, 125720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muisyo, P., Su, Q., Ho, T. H., Julius, M. M., & Usmani, M. S. (2021). Implications of green HRM on the firm’s green competitive advantage: The mediating role of enablers of green culture. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 33(2), 308–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munawar, S., Yousaf, H. Q., Ahmed, M., & Rehman, S. (2022). Effects of green human resource management on green innovation through green human capital, environmental knowledge, and managerial environmental concern. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 141–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muster, V., & Schrader, U. (2011). Green work-life balance: A new perspective for green HRM. German Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(2), 140–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nejati, M., Rabiei, S., & Jabbour, C. J. C. (2017). Envisioning the invisible: Understanding the synergy between green human resource management and green supply chain management in manufacturing firms in Iran in light of the moderating effect of employees’ resistance to change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, 163–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisar, Q. A., Haider, S., Ali, F., Jamshed, S., Ryu, K., & Gill, S. S. (2021). Green human resource management practices and environmental performance in Malaysian green hotels: The role of green intellectual capital and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 311, 127504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogbeibu, S., Emelifeonwu, J., Senadjki, A., Gaskin, J., & Kaivo-oja, J. (2020). Technological turbulence and greening of team creativity, product innovation, and human resource management: Implications for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118703.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan, C., Abbas, J., Álvarez-Otero, S., Khan, H., & Cai, C. (2022). Interplay between corporate social responsibility and organizational green culture and their role in employees’ responsible behavior towards the environment and society. Journal of Cleaner Production, 366, 132878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patwary, A. K., Yusof, M. F. M., Simpong, D. B., Ab Ghaffar, S. F., & Rahman, M. K. (2022). Examining proactive pro-environmental behaviour through green inclusive leadership and green human resource management: an empirical investigation among Malaysian hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0213

  • Pham, N. T., Hoang, H. T., & Phan, Q. P. T. (2019). Green human resource management: A comprehensive review and future research agenda. International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 845–878.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pham, N. T., Phan, Q. P. T., Tučková, Z., Vo, T. N., & Nguyen, L. H. (2018). Enhancing the organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: The roles of green training and organizational culture. Management and Marketing-Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 13(4), 1174–1189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren, S., Tang, G., & Jackson, S. E. (2020). Effects of Green HRM and CEO ethical leadership on organizations’ environmental performance. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 961–983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi, Y. S., & Garg, R. (2020). The simultaneous effect of green ability-motivation-opportunity and transformational leadership in environment management: the mediating role of green culture. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 28(3), 830–856.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roscoe, S., Subramanian, N., Jabbour, C. J., & Chong, T. (2019). Green human resource management and the enablers of green organizational culture: Enhancing a firm’s environmental performance for sustainable development. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 737–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rubel, M. R. B., Kee, D. M. H., & Rimi, N. N. (2021). The influence of green HRM practices on green service behaviors: The mediating effect of green knowledge sharing. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 43(5), 996–1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salem, E., Fahmy, T., & Al-Romeedy, B. (2022). The effect of human engineering in cockpit design on aviation safety. Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, 6(2/2), 31–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saputro, A., & Nawangsari, L. C. (2021). The effect of green human resource management on organization citizenship behaviour for environment (OCBE) and its implications on employee performance at Pt Andalan Bakti Niaga. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 6(1), 174–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shafaei, A., Nejati, M., & Yusoff, Y. M. (2020). Green human resource management: A two-study investigation of antecedents and outcomes. International Journal of Manpower, 41(7), 1041–1060.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, S. M. A., Jiang, Y., Wu, H., Ahmed, Z., Ullah, I., & Adebayo, T. S. (2021). Linking green human resource practices and environmental economics performance: The role of green economic organizational culture and green psychological climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), 10953.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shau, T. V. (2017). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of preschool management model in Sarawak. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 221–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silvester, Y., Sarip, A., & Hassan, M. A. (2019). The relationship between green HRM practices and organizational citizenship behavior toward environment (OCBE). Journal of Management and Operation Research, 1(18), 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sobaih, A. E. E., Hasanein, A., & Elshaer, I. (2020). Influences of green human resources management on environmental performance in small lodging enterprises: The role of green innovation. Sustainability, 12(24), 10371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sudin, S. (2011, June). Strategic green HRM: A proposed model that supports corporate environmental citizenship. International Conference on Sociality and Economics Development, IPEDR, 10, 79–83.‏

    Google Scholar 

  • Suharti, L., & Sugiarto, A. (2020). A qualitative study OF Green HRM practices and their benefits in the organization: An Indonesian company experience. Verslas: Teorija ir praktika/Business: Theory and Practice, 21(1), 200–211.‏

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahir, R., Athar, M. R., Faisal, F., & Solangi, B. (2019). Green organizational culture: A review of literature and future research agenda. Annals of Contemporary Developments in Management and HR (ACDMHR), Print ISSN, 2632–7686.‏

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulsi, P., & Ji, Y. (2020). A conceptual approach to green human resource management and corporate environmental responsibility in the hospitality industry. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(1), 195–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Úbeda-García, M., Claver-Cortés, E., Marco-Lajara, B., & Zaragoza-Sáez, P. (2021). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in the hotel industry. The mediating role of green human resource management and environmental outcomes. Journal of Business Research, 123, 57–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, C., Ma, H., Gong, Y., Chen, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Environmental CSR and environmental citizenship behavior: The role of employees’ environmental passion and empathy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 320, 128751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yusoff, Y. M., Nejati, M., Kee, D. M. H., & Amran, A. (2020). Linking green human resource management practices to environmental performance in hotel industry. Global Business Review, 21(3), 663–680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaki, H. S., Al-Romeedy, B. S., & Ali, S. A. R. (2022). Predictors and outcomes of women empowerment in Egyptian travel agencies: Perceived fairness as a mediator. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 5(2), 18–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, J., Tang, W., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). The influence of green human resource management on employee green behavior—A study on the mediating effect of environmental belief and green organizational identity. Sustainability, 13(8), 4544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bassam Samir Al-Romeedy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Al-Romeedy, B.S. (2023). The Effect of Green Organizational Culture on Environmental Citizenship in the Egyptian Tourism and Hospitality Sector: The Mediating Role of Green Human Resource Management. In: Adekoya, O.D., Mordi, C., Ajonbadi, H.A. (eds) Global Perspectives on Green HRM. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35795-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics