Abstract
The neurosurgeon who ventures into orbital surgery must possess extensive anatomical knowledge of this structure. The orbital cavities are located symmetrically on both sides of the nose. They present a four-sided pyramidal shape with a posterior apex, anterior base, and an axis set from the sagittal plane at a 20o angle. A distinctive feature of the orbit is that its elements are organized in groups of seven: seven bones, seven intraorbital extraocular muscles, and seven nerves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Martins C, Costa ESIE, Campero A, Yasuda A, Aguiar LR, Tatagiba M, et al. Microsurgical anatomy of the orbit: the rule of seven. Anat Res Int. 2011;2011:468727. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/468727.
Villalonga JF, Saenz A, Revuelta Barbero JM, Calandri I, Campero A. Surgical anatomy of the orbit. A systematic and clear study of a complex structure. Neurocirugia (Astur: Engl Ed). 2019;30(6):259–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucir.2019.04.003.
Rhoton AL Jr. The orbit. Neurosurgery. 2002;51(4 Suppl):S303–34.
Martins C, Yasuda A, Campero A, Ulm AJ, Tanriover N, Rhoton A Jr. Microsurgical anatomy of the dural arteries. Neurosurgery. 2005;56(2 Suppl):211–51. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000144823.94402.3d; discussion 51.
Natori Y, Rhoton AL Jr. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior orbital fissure. Neurosurgery. 1995;36(4):762–75. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199504000-00018.
Bernardo A, Evins AI, Mattogno PP, Quiroga M, Zacharia BE. The orbit as seen through different surgical windows: extensive anatomosurgical study. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:1030–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.158.
Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM, Keller JT, Solari D, Zimmer LA, et al. Supraorbital vs endo-orbital routes to the lateral skull base: a quantitative and qualitative anatomic study. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;15(5):567–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx256.
Testut L, Latarjet A. Tratado de Anatomía Humana. 9th ed. Barcelona: Salvat; 1968.
Latarjet M, Ruiz Liard A. Anatomía Humana. Buenos Aires: Médica Panamericana; 1983.
Kuntz C. The autonomic nervous system. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1953.
Vural A, Carobbio ALC, Ferrari M, Rampinelli V, Schreiber A, Mattavelli D, et al. Transorbital endoscopic approaches to the skull base: a systematic literature review and anatomical description. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(5):2857–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10143-020-01470-5.
Castelnuovo P, Turri-Zanoni M, Battaglia P, Locatelli D, Dallan I. Endoscopic endonasal management of orbital pathologies. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2015;26(3):463–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2015.03.001.
Di Somma A, Kong DS, de Notaris M, Moe KS, Sanchez Espana JC, Schwartz TH, et al. Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty. J Neurosurg. 2022;137:1187. https://doi.org/10.3171/2022.3.JNS212699.
Di Somma A, Guizzardi G, Valls Cusine C, Hoyos J, Ferres A, Topczewski TE, et al. Combined endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approach to skull base tumors: a systematic literature review. J Neurosurg Sci. 2021;66:406. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0390-5616.21.05401-1.
Schwartz TH, Henderson F Jr, Di Somma A, Kong DS, de Notaris M, Ensenat J, et al. Endoscopic transorbital surgery: another leap of faith? World Neurosurg. 2022;159:54–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.12.081.
Yoo J, Park HH, Yun IS, Hong CK. Clinical applications of the endoscopic transorbital approach for various lesions. Acta Neurochir. 2021;163(8):2269–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-020-04694-y.
Rhoton AL Jr, Natori Y. The orbit and sellar region: microsurgical anatomy and operative approaches. New York: Thieme Medical; 1996.
Paluzzi A, Gardner PA, Fernandez-Miranda JC, Tormenti MJ, Stefko ST, Snyderman CH, et al. “Round-the-clock” surgical access to the orbit. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2015;76(1):12–24. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1360580.
Abussuud Z, Ahmed S, Paluzzi A. Surgical approaches to the orbit: a neurosurgical perspective. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2020;81(4):385–408. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713941.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Villalonga, J.F., Baldoncini, M., Pipolo, D.O., Pailler, J., Giovannini, S.J.M., Campero, Á. (2023). Surgical Anatomy of the Orbit. In: Bonavolontà, G., Maiuri, F., Mariniello, G. (eds) Cranio-Orbital Mass Lesions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35771-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35771-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-35770-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-35771-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)