Abstract
The framework presented in the paper identifies the promises and pitfalls of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and End-User Development (EUD) approaches by focusing on two basic system components: (1) adaptive systems (grounded in AI) that change their behavior automatically driven by context-aware mechanisms including models of their users and specific task contexts, and (2) adaptable systems (grounded in EUD) that can be adjusted, modified, and extended by their users in order to capture unforeseen and important emergent user needs and aspects of problems. Grounded in an analysis of design trade-offs between the two approaches, arguments, and examples for creating a desirable symbiosis between adaptive and adaptable systems are described and design guidelines for future socio-technical environments are explored contributing to the development of theoretical concepts for the future of EUD.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Brown, J.S., Duguid, P.: The Social Life of Information, Harvard Business School Press, Boston (2000)
Brockman, J.: Possible Minds: Twenty-Five Ways of Looking at AI. Penguin Press, London (2019)
Paterno, F., Wulf, V (eds.) New Perspectives in End User Development, Kluwer Publishers, Amsterdam (2017)
Calvo, R.A., Peters, D.: Positive Computing —Technology for Wellbeing and Human Potential. MIT Press, Cambridge (2014)
Fischer, G.: Design trade-offs for quality of life ACM. Interactions 25(1), 26–33 (2018)
Friedman, B., Hendry D.G.: Value Sensitive Design: Shaping Technology with Moral Imagination. MIT Press Cambridge (2019)
von Hippel, E.: Democratizing Innovation, MIT Press, Cambridge (2005)
Burnett, M.: What is end-user software engineering and why does it matter? In: Pipek, V., et al. (eds.) End-User Development, pp. 15–28. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Fischer, G.: Context-aware systems: the ‘right’ information, at the ‘right’ time, in the ‘right’ place, in the ‘right’ way, to the ‘right’ person. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI), G.T. et al (eds.) ACM: Capri, Italy (May). pp. 287–294 (2012)
Mackay, W.E.: Triggers and barriers to customizing software. In: Robertson, S.P., Olson, G.M., Olson J.S. (eds.) Proceedings of CHI 1991 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM: New York. pp. 153–160 (1991)
Fischer, G., User modeling in human-computer interaction. User Model User Adapt. Interact. (UMUAI), 11(1), 65–86 (2001)
Terveen, L., Hill, W.: Beyond recommender systems: helping people help each other. In: Carroll, J.M. (ed.) Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millennium, pp. 487–509. ACM Press, New York (2001)
Mayer-Schönberger, V., Cukier, K.: Big Data. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York (2013)
Mousavinasab, E., et al.: Intelligent tutoring systems: a systematic review of characteristics, applications, and evaluation methods. Interact. Learn. Environ. 29(1), 142–163 (2021)
Vygotsky, L.: Thought and Language. MIT Press, Cambridge (1986)
Simon, H.A.: The Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd edn. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)
Fogli, D., et al.: Exploring design trade-offs for achieving social inclusion in multi-tiered design problems. Behav. Inf. Technol. 39(1), 27–46 (2020)
Pariser, E.: The Filter Bubble: How the New Personalized Web Is Changing What We Read and How We Think. Penguin Books (2021)
Janis, I.: Victims of Groupthink. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1972)
Clark, H.H., Brennan, S.E.: Grounding in communication. In: Resnick, L.B, Levine, J.M., Teasley, S.D. (eds.) Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition, pp. 127–149. American Psychological Association (1991)
Binder, T., et al.: Design Things. MIT Press, Cambridge (2011)
Norman, D.A.: Things That Make Us Smart, 290p. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Reading (1993)
Resnick, M., et al.: Scratch: programming for all. Commun. ACM 52(11), 60–67 (2009)
Morch, A.: Three levels of end-user tailoring: customization, integration, and extension. In: Kyng, M., Mathiassen, L. (eds.) Computers and Design in Context, pp. 51–76. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (1997)
Wulf, V., Pipek, V., Won, M.: Component-based tailorability: enabling highly flexible software applications. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 66, 1–22 (2008)
Costabile, M.F., et al.: Advancing end user development through metadesign. In: Clarke, S. (ed.) End User Computing Challenges and Technologies: Emerging Tools and Applications, pp. 143–167. IGI Publishing (2008)
National-Research-Council, Beyond Productivity: Information Technology, Innovation, and Creativity. National Academy Press, Washington, DC (2003)
Fischer, G., Fogli, D., Piccinno, A.: Revisiting and broadening the meta-design framework for end-user development. In: Paternò, F., Wulf, V. (eds.) New Perspectives in End-User Development, pp. 61–97. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60291-2_4
Curtis, B., Krasner, H., Iscoe, N.: A field study of the software design process for large systems. Commun. ACM 31(11), 1268–1287 (1988)
Benkler, Y.: The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. Yale University Press, New Haven (2006)
Jenkins, H.: Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Cultures: Media Education for the 21st Century. MIT Press, Cambridge (2009)
Fischer, G., Nakakoji, K., Ye, Y.: Meta-design: guidelines for supporting domain experts in software development. In: IEEE Software, pp. 37–44, September/October (2009)
Collins, A.: What’s Worth Teaching: Rethinking Curriculum in the Age of Technology. Teachers College Press, New York (2017)
DeCorte, E., Engwall, L., Teichler U (eds) From Books to MOOCs? Emerging Models of Learning and Teaching in Higher Education. Portland Press (Wenner-Gren International Series Volume 88): London (2016)
Maes, P., Shneiderman, B.: Direct manipulation vs. interface agents. Interactions 4(6), 42–61 (1997) ACM Press
Oppermann, R.: Adaptively Supported Adaptability. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 40(3), 455–472 (1994)
Markoff, J.: Machines of Loving Grace (The Quest for Common Ground Between Humans and Robots). Harpercollins (2016)
Kahneman, D.: Thinking, Fast and Slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York (2011)
Bubeck, S., Chandrasekaran, V., et al.: Sparks of artificial general intelligence: early experiments with GPT-4 (2023). https://arxiv.org/pdf/2303.12712.pdf
Shneiderman, B.: Human-Centered AI. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2022)
Carr, N.: The Glass Cage — Automation and US. Norton, New York (2014)
Csikszentmihalyi, M.: Creativity — Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. HarperCollins Publishers, New York (1996)
Fischer, G.: Domain-oriented design environments. Autom. Softw. Eng. 1(2), 177–203 (1994)
Fischer, G., Nakakoji, K.: Beyond the macho approach of artificial intelligence: empower human designers - do not replace them. Knowl.-Based Syst. J. Special Iss. AI Des. 5(1), 15–30 (1992)
Minsky, M.: The Emotion Machine. Simon & Schuster (2007)
Rittel, H., Webber, M.M.: Planning problems are wicked problems. In: Cross, N. (ed.) Developments in Design Methodology, pp. 135-144. John Wiley & Sons: New York (1984)
Acknowledgments
The author wishes to thank Daniela Fogli, Anders Mørch, Antonio Piccinno, and the three reviewers who provided insightful comments that greatly improved earlier versions of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fischer, G. (2023). Adaptive and Adaptable Systems: Differentiating and Integrating AI and EUD. In: Spano, L.D., Schmidt, A., Santoro, C., Stumpf, S. (eds) End-User Development. IS-EUD 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 13917. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34433-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34433-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-34432-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-34433-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)