Abstract
With regard to the relationship between state and church/religion, each country is a special case, for which there are historical reasons. In Europe, until the emergence of modernity, states were very closely linked to Catholicism, Protestantism or Orthodoxy. This chapter takes the role of Catholicism as an example. The modern constitutional state distances itself from religion by being ideologically neutral but granting the right to religious freedom so that all citizens can practise their religion. European states are hardly mono-religious any more but are characterised by religious plurality and non-religiosity. In this respect, disputes about the scope of positive or negative religious freedom are commonplace. The empirically found models of the state-church/religion relationship are not static but in a state of flux. The dynamics of change are supported by controversial discourses on the status of religion in a liberal-democratic society, in which primarily representatives of religions, seculars and laicists participate.
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Ziebertz, HG. (2023). Religious Freedom and the Relationship Between State and Religion. In: Anthony, FV., Ziebertz, HG. (eds) Human Rights and the Separation of State and Religion. Religion and Human Rights, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33998-1_2
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