Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Newborn Epistaxis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Breastfeeding and Metabolic Programming

  • 242 Accesses

Abstract

Epistaxis in infants under 2 years of age requires particular treatment, even though emergency doctors see patients with this symptom on a regular basis. Epistaxis is uncommon in this age range and may indicate a serious underlying etiology, such as severe systemic illness or nonaccidental trauma [1]. Thus, it is vital to examine the assessment and treatment of epistaxis in this age range [2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. McIntosh N, Mok JYQ, Margerison A. Epidemiology of oronasal hemorrhage in the first 2 years of life: implications for child protection. Pediatrics. 2007;120:1074–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. DeLaroche AM, Tigchelaar H, Kannikeswaran N. A rare but important entity: epistaxis in infants. J Emerg Med. 2017;52(1):89–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.07.079. Epub 2016 Oct 4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pallin DJ, Chng YM, McKay MP, Emond JA, Pelletier AJ, Camargo CA Jr. Epidemiology of epistaxis in US emergency departments, 1992 to 2001. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:77–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Davies K, Batra K, Mehanna R, Keogh I. Pediatric epistaxis: epidemiology, management & impact on quality of life. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:1294–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McIntosh N, Chalmers J. Incidence of oronasal haemorrhage in infancy presenting to general practice in the UK. Br J Gen Pract. 2008;58:877–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Boscardini L, Zanetta S, Ballardini G, et al. Epistaxis in children under the age of two: possible marker of abuse/neglect? A retrospective study in North-Eastern Piedmont hospitals. Minerva Pediatr. 2013;65:71–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. McIntosh N, Mok JYQ, Margerison A, et al. The epidemiology of oro-nasal haemorrhage and suffocation in infants admitted to hospital in Scotland over 10 years. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95:810–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Paranjothy S, Fone D, Mann M, et al. The incidence and aetiology of epistaxis in infants: a population-based study. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:421–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Messner AH. Causes of epistaxis in children. In: Isaacson GC, Nagler J, Wiley JF (Eds). UpToDate. Last updated: Jan 11, 2023.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Shay S, Shapiro NL, Bhattacharyya N. Epidemiological characteristics of pediatric epistaxis presenting to the emergency department. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;103:121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Qureishi A, Burton MJ. Interventions for recurrent idiopathic epistaxis (nosebleeds) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;CD004461.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Beran M, Petruson B. Occurrence of epistaxis in habitual nose-bleeders and analysis of some etiological factors. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1986;48:297.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Béquignon E, Teissier N, Gauthier A, et al. Emergency Department care of childhood epistaxis. Emerg Med J. 2017;34:543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sethi RKV, Kozin ED, Abt NB, et al. Treatment disparities in the management of epistaxis in United States emergency departments. Laryngoscope. 2018;128:356.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Patel N, Maddalozzo J, Billings KR. An update on management of pediatric epistaxis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:1400–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Volk MS. Epistaxis. In: Schoem SR, Darrow DH, editors. Pediatric otolaryngology. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012. p. 145–56.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Okada T, Sasaki F, Itoh T, et al. Bleeding disorder as the first symptom of biliary atresia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2005;15:295–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tunkel DE, Anne S, Payne SC, et al. Clinical practice guideline: nosebleed (epistaxis). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020;162:S1.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Desrosiers AE 3rd, Thaller SR. Pediatric nasal fractures: evaluation and management. J Craniofac Surg. 2011;22:1327.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Köroglu M, Arat A, Cekirge S, et al. Giant cervical internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a child: endovascular treatment. Neuroradiology. 2002;44:864.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Dai A, Jurges E. The problem with nose bleeds. Emerg Med J. 2005;22:596.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Williams PM, Traquina DN, Wallace RC, Niezgoda JJ. Coil embolization of a ruptured carotid pseudoaneurysm presenting as epistaxis--pediatric otolaryngology: principles and practice. Am J Otolaryngol. 2000;21:38.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Reiber ME, Burkey BB. Intracavernous carotid pseudoaneurysm after blunt trauma: case report and discussion. Head Neck. 1994;16:253.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Roebuck JC, Pereira KD. Idiopathic internal carotid artery aneurysm rupture in an infant: a case report. Ear Nose Throat J. 2009;88:835.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Fontela PS, Tampieri D, Atkinson JD, et al. Posttraumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery presenting with massive epistaxis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2006;7:260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Deng D, Du J, Liu F, et al. Clinical characteristics of internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysms in the sphenoid sinus. Am J Otolaryngol. 2019;40:106.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. da Silva PS, Waisberg DR. Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm with life-threatening epistaxis as a complication of deep neck space infection. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011;27:422.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wyrick D, Smith SD, Dassinger MS. Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula presenting as massive epistaxis. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48:883.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kamble P, Saxena S, Kumar S. Nasal bacterial colonization in cases of idiopathic epistaxis in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79:1901.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Whymark AD, Crampsey DP, Fraser L, et al. Childhood epistaxis and nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;138:307.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Batra K, Chaudhary N, Motwani G, Rai AK. An unusual case of primary nasal tuberculosis with epistaxis and epilepsy. Ear Nose Throat J. 2002;81:842.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Faridi MM, Aggarwal A, Kumar M, Sarafrazul A. Clinical and biochemical profile of dengue haemorrhagic fever in children in Delhi. Trop Dr. 2008;38:28.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ahmed S, Arif F, Yahya Y, et al. Dengue fever outbreak in Karachi 2006 - a study of profile and outcome of children under 15 years of age. J Pak Med Assoc. 2008;58:4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kulkarni MJ, Sarathi V, Bhalla V, et al. Clinico-epidemiological profile of children hospitalized with dengue. Indian J Pediatr. 2010;77:1103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Uppaluri SA, Yin LH, Goh GH. Maxillary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma presenting with epistaxis in a child. J Radiol Case Rep. 2015;9:33.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Zagolski O, Dwivedi RC, Subramanian S, Kazi R. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the sino-nasal tract in children. J Cancer Res Ther. 2010;6:5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Roganović J, Matijašić N, Mascarin M. Pediatric advanced stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma - case report. Acta Med Acad. 2015;44:186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fyrmpas G, Wurm J, Athanassiadou F, et al. Management of paediatric sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma. J Laryngol Otol. 2009;123:990.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Gullane PJ, Davidson J, O'Dwyer T, Forte V. Juvenile angiofibroma: a review of the literature and a case series report. Laryngoscope. 1992;102:928.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Mulbury PE. Recurrent epistaxis. Pediatr Rev. 1991;12:213.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Sandoval C, Dong S, Visintainer P, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of 178 children with recurrent epistaxis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2002;24:47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Medeiros D, Buchanan GR. Major hemorrhage in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: immediate response to therapy and long-term outcome. J Pediatr. 1998;133:334.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Katsanis E, Luke KH, Hsu E, et al. Prevalence and significance of mild bleeding disorders in children with recurrent epistaxis. J Pediatr. 1988;113:73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Watt BE, Proudfoot AT, Bradberry SM, Vale JA. Anticoagulant rodenticides. Toxicol Rev. 2005;24:259.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Messner AH. Evaluation of epistaxis in children. In: Isaacson GC, Nagler J, Wiley JF (Eds). UpToDate. Last updated: Jan 11, 2023.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Delgado EM, Nadel FM. Epistaxis. In: Shaw KN, Bachur RG, editors. Fleisher and Ludwig’s textbook of pediatric emergency medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer; 2021. p. 166.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Svider P, Arianpour K, Mutchnick S. Management of Epistaxis in Children and Adolescents: Avoiding a Chaotic Approach. Pediatr Clin N Am. 2018;65:607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Nguyen QA. Epistaxis Treatment & Management. In: Meyers AD (Ed). Medscape. Updated: Apr 13, 2022. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/863220-treatment#d11. Accessed online at February 23, 2023.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kutahya Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital, Kutahya, Türkiye

    Aykut Ceyhan

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Türkiye

    Nuray Bayar Muluk

  3. Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuroscience Sciences, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Univerity of Siena, Siena, Italy

    Desiderio Passali

Authors
  1. Aykut Ceyhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nuray Bayar Muluk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Desiderio Passali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Child Health and Diseases, Arel University, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Türkiye

    Özlem Naciye Şahin

  2. Pediatrics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

    Despina D. Briana

  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Perugia, Italy

    Gian Carlo Di Renzo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ceyhan, A., Muluk, N.B., Passali, D. (2023). Newborn Epistaxis. In: Şahin, Ö.N., Briana, D.D., Di Renzo, G.C. (eds) Breastfeeding and Metabolic Programming. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33278-4_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33278-4_39

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33277-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33278-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation