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The Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) Content Replacement as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Portland Cement-Based Systems

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International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures (SynerCrete 2023)

Part of the book series: RILEM Bookseries ((RILEM,volume 44))

Abstract

Portland cement (OPC) and steelmaking industries exhibit high production levels and are expected to continue in the near future. Their industrial processes are not considered environmentally friendly and are estimated to be responsible for 4–7% of worldwide CO2 emissions. To mitigate their negative externalities, they introduce several improvements in their processes. The steelmaking industry generates a large volume of solid waste, mainly slags. Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) shows exciting properties to be used as construction material. Currently, only EAFS is valorized, mainly as a granular material for different pavement layers. Instead, LFS presents technological barriers (low cementing activity and expansive problems) that prevent them from being valorized and finally deposited in landfills. This work explores a safe/high-value application for LFS as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Pastes/mortars were produced to study the effect of varying the LFS-content replacement. Chemical/mineralogical characterization of raw/hydrated samples and fresh/hardened state properties were tested at different ages to study the physical-mechanical performance and microstructure evolution. Our results suggest that LFS has good potential as SCM, modifying the fresh/hardened performance depending on LFS content: by decreasing workability, accelerating the setting time, and lowering the strength. Also, it increases the potential volumetric instability issues. The compressive strength gap decreases with time, reaching over 30 MPa for 25/50 wt% replacements at 28–98 days. Finally, the microstructure evolution shows a shift in the typical OPC hydration reactions, producing higher AFm-AFt products due to the higher calcium-aluminates reactive phases in the slag.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona TECH, 08034, Barcelona, Spain

    Paulo Araos, Anna Uribarri, Marilda Barra & Diego Aponte

Authors
  1. Paulo Araos
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  2. Anna Uribarri
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  3. Marilda Barra
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  4. Diego Aponte
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paulo Araos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Agnieszka Jędrzejewska

  2. Technical Specialist Services, Materials, ARUP, London, UK

    Fragkoulis Kanavaris

  3. ISISE, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Miguel Azenha

  4. Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Farid Benboudjema

  5. Institute of Structural Concrete, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Dirk Schlicke

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Araos, P., Uribarri, A., Barra, M., Aponte, D. (2023). The Effect of Ladle Furnace Slag (LFS) Content Replacement as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Portland Cement-Based Systems. In: Jędrzejewska, A., Kanavaris, F., Azenha, M., Benboudjema, F., Schlicke, D. (eds) International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. SynerCrete 2023. RILEM Bookseries, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33186-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33187-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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