Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Length Change and Water Uptake Characteristics of Synthesized Calcium Silicate Hydrates

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures (SynerCrete 2023)

Part of the book series: RILEM Bookseries ((RILEM,volume 44))

  • 1226 Accesses

Abstract

Length change of cement based materials due to drying and wetting has been classically studied and various mechanisms have been proposed. Recently, it was reported that the structural change of amorphous calcium silica hydrates (C-S-H), especially, by drying at low relative humidity, can greatly affect macroscopic shrinkage and irreversible behavior. In addition, it has been pointed out that the water transport in the dried cement based materials can be influenced by the C-S-H swelling due to the wetting to cause anomalous water uptake. In this study, the length change and water uptake of synthesized calcium silica hydrates powder and commercial porous materials with tobermorite or xonotlite are examined focusing on the effect of crystalline structural change due to drying and wetting. The powder was compacted to be used for length change. It was found that there is no hysteresis even at low relative humidity in the case of tobermorite and xonotlite with well-ordered structures and the unique expansion with drying was found at high relative humidity. The water uptake amount in the porous materials mainly consisting of tobermorite or xonotlite is almost proportional to square root of time to satisfy Washburn’s theory. The secondary imbibition period was slightly observed only in porous materials containing tobermorite like cement paste. It may be attributed to the slow water penetration into the layer structure of tobermorite. The characteristics of water uptake in the materials compacted by synthesized C-S-H powder is dependent on CaO/SiO2 mole ratio.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 299.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bangham, D.H., Fakhoury, N.: The swelling of charcoal. Part I. – Preliminary experiments with water vapour, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and sulphur dioxide. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 130, 81–89 (1930)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bangham, D.H., Fakhoury, N., Mohamed, A.F.: The swelling of charcoal. Part II. – Some factors controlling the expansion caused by water, benzene and pyridine vapours. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 138, 162–183 (1932)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bangham, D.H., Fakhoury, N., Mohamed, A.F.: The swelling of charcoal. Part III. − Experiments with the lower alcohols. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 147, 152–175 (1934)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bangham, D.H.: The swelling of charcoal. Part IV. − The stoichiometric relations for the films of the alcohols. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 147, 175–188 (1934)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bangham, D.H., Razouk, R.I.: The Swelling of Charcoal. Part V. The Saturation and Immersion Expansions and the Heat of Wetting, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 166(927), 572–586 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Haines, R.S., McIntosh, R.: Length changes of activated carbon rods caused by adsorption of vapors. J. Chem. Phys. 15, 28–38 (1947)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wiig, E.O., Juhola, A.J.: The adsorption of water vapor on activated charcoal. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 561–568 (1949)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Lakhanpal, M.L., Flood, E.A.: Stresses and strains in adsorbate-adsorbent systems: IV. Contractions of activated carbon on adsorption of gases and vapors at low initial pressures. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 35, 887–899 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Amberg, C.H., McIntosh, R.A.: A study of adsorption hysteresis by means of length changes of a rod of porous glass. Can. J. Chem. 30, 1012–1031 (1952)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Bentz, D.P., Garboczi, E.J.D., Quenard, A.: Modelling drying shrinkage in reconstructed porous materials: application to porous Vycor glass. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 6, 211–236 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Schiller, P., Bier, T., Wahab, M., Mogel, H.J.: Mesoscopic model of volume changes due to moisture variations in porous materials. Colloids Surf., A 327, 34–43 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Powers, T.C.: Mechanisms of shrinkage and reversible creep of hardened cement paste. In: International Conference on the Structure of Concrete, pp. 319–344. Cement and Concrete Association, London (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wittmann, F.: Surface tension shrinkage and strength of hardened cement paste. Material and Structures 1(6), 547–552 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Feldman, R.F.: Sorption and length-change scanning isotherms of methanol and water on hydrated Portland cement. In: Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Chemistry of Cement, Tokyo, Part III, pp. 53–66 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Setzer, M.J., Wittmann, F.H.: Surface energy and mechanical behaviour of hardened cement paste. Appl. Phys. 3, 403–409 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Beltzung, F., Wittmann, F.H.: Role of disjoining pressure in cement based materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 35, 2364–2370 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Setzer, M.J.: The solid-liquid gel-system of hardened cement paste. Proceedings of the eight international conference on creep, shrinkage and durability of concrete and concrete structures 1, 237–243 (2008). also referring to the online published paper with the same title by RILEM in the proceedings of 2nd International Symposium on Advances in Concrete through Science and Engineering (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Maruyama, I., Beppu, K., Kurihara, R., Furuta, A.: Action mechanisms of shrinkage reducing admixture in hardened cement paste. J. Adv. Concr. Technol. 14(6), 311–323 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bazant, Z.P.: Mathematical modeling of creep and shrinkage of concrete. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bentur, A., Milestone, N.B., Young, J.F.: Creep and drying shrinkage of calcium silicate pastes II. Induced microstructural and chemical change. Cement and Concrete Research 8, 721–732 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bentur, A., Berger, R.L., Lawrence, F.V., Milestone, N.B., Mindess, S., Young, J.F.: Creep and drying shrinkage of calcium silicate pastes III. A hypothesis of irreversible strain. Cement and Concrete Research 9, 83–96 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Maruyama, I., Nishioka, Y., Igarashi, G., Matsui, K.: Microstructural and bulk property changes in hardened cement paste during the first drying process. Cem. Concr. Res. 58, 20–34 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Maruyama, I., Igarashi, G., Nishioka, Y.: Bimodal behavior of C-S-H interpreted from short-term length change and water vapor sorption isotherms of hardened cement paste. Cem. Concr. Res. 73, 158–168 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Thomas, J.J., Allen, A.J., Jennings, H.M.: Structural changes to the calcium–silicate–hydrate gel phase of hydrated cement with age, drying, and resaturation. Journal of American Ceramic Society 91(10), 3362–3369 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Muller, A.C.A., Scrivener, K.L., Gajewicz, A.M., McDonald, P.J.: Densification of C−S−H Measured by 1H NMR Relaxometry. The journal of physical chemistry C 117, 403–412 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Gajewicz, A.M., Gartner, E., Kang, K., McDonald, P.J., Yermakou, V.: A 1H NMR relaxometry investigation of gel-pore drying shrinkage in cement pastes. Cem. Concr. Res. 86, 12–19 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Maruyama, I., Ohkubo, T., Haji, T., Kurihara, R.: Dynamic microstructural evolution of hardened cement paste during first drying monitored by 1H NMR relaxometry. Cem. Concr. Res. 122, 107–117 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Nguyen, T.L., Asamoto, S., Matsui, K.: Sorption isotherm and length change behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete. Cement Concr. Compos. 94, 136–144 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Taylor, S.C., Hoff, W.D., Wilson, M.A., Green, K.M.: Anomalous water transport properties of Portland and blended cement-based materials. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18, 1925–1927 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hanzic, L., Ilic, R.: Relationship between liquid sorptivity and capillarity in concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 33, 1385–1388 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Martys, N.S., Ferraris, C.E.: Capillary transport in mortars and concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 27, 747–760 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hall, C.: Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes: a review. Mag. Concr. Res. 41(147), 51–61 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Hall, C., et al.: Water anomaly in capillary liquid absorption by cement-based materials. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14, 1178–1181 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hall, C.: Anomalous diffusion in unsaturated flow: Fact or fiction? Cem. Concr. Res. 37, 378–385 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Reinhardt, H.W., Aufrecht, M.: Simultaneous transport of an organic liquid and gas in concrete. Mater. Struct. 28, 43–51 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Krus, M., Hansen, K.K., Kiinzel, H.M.: Porosity and liquid absorption of cement paste. Mater. Struct. 30, 394–398 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sosoro, M.: Transport of organic fluids through concrete. Mater. Struct. 31, 162–169 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Rucker-Gramm, P., Beddoe, R.E.: Effect of moisture content of concrete on water uptake. Cem. Concr. Res. 40, 102–108 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Alderete, N.M., Zaccardi, Y.A.V., Belie, N.D.: Physical evidence of swelling as the cause of anomalous capillary water uptake by cementitious materials. Cem. Concr. Res. 120, 256–266 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Alderete, N.M., Zaccardi, Y.A.V., Belie, N.D.: Mechanism of long-term capillary water uptake in cementitious materials. Cement Concr. Compos. 106, 103448 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. McDonald, P.J., Istok, O., Janota, M., Gajewicz-Jaromin, A.M., Faux, D.A.: Sorption, anomalous water transport and dynamic porosity in cement paste: A spatially localised 1H NMR relaxation study and a proposed mechanism. Cem. Concr. Res. 133, 106045 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Asamoto, S., Shiren, R., Matsui, K., Takahashi, K.: Investigation into water uptake characteristics of hardened cement paste based on diffusion equation. Cement Science and Concrete Technology 76, accepted (2022). in Japanese

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zaccardi, Y.A.V., Alderete, N.M., Belie, N.D.: Improved model for capillary absorption in cementitious materials: Progress over the fourth root of time. Cem. Concr. Res. 100, 153–165 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Washburn, E.W.: The dynamics of capillary flow. The Physical Review 17(3), 273–283 (1921)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Kim, S., Taguchi, H., Ohba, Y., Tsurumi, T., Sakai, E., Daimon, M.: The carbonation of calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrates. Inorganic Materials 2(254), 18–25 (1995). In Japanese

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hansen, W.: Drying shrinkage mechanisms in Portland cement paste. Journal of American Ceramic Society 70, 323–328 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Badmann, R., Stockhausen, N., Setzer, M.J.: The statistical thickness and the chemical potential of adsorbed water films. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 82, 534–542 (1981)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Saitama University, Saitama, 3388570, Japan

    Shingo Asamoto & Rintaro Koyama

  2. Asahi-Kakei Homes, Shizuoka, 4168501, Japan

    Kunio Matsui

  3. Mistubishi UBE Cement Corporation, Yamaguchi, 7558633, Japan

    Keisuke Takahashi

Authors
  1. Shingo Asamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Rintaro Koyama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kunio Matsui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Keisuke Takahashi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shingo Asamoto .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Structural Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

    Agnieszka Jędrzejewska

  2. Technical Specialist Services, Materials, ARUP, London, UK

    Fragkoulis Kanavaris

  3. ISISE, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal

    Miguel Azenha

  4. Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France

    Farid Benboudjema

  5. Institute of Structural Concrete, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria

    Dirk Schlicke

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Asamoto, S., Koyama, R., Matsui, K., Takahashi, K. (2023). Length Change and Water Uptake Characteristics of Synthesized Calcium Silicate Hydrates. In: Jędrzejewska, A., Kanavaris, F., Azenha, M., Benboudjema, F., Schlicke, D. (eds) International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. SynerCrete 2023. RILEM Bookseries, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_71

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_71

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33186-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33187-9

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation