Abstract
In recent years, the global need on alternative binders for the construction industry has driven the development of novel testing methods for evaluating the reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). One method that has attracted particular attention is the so-called R3-test, that measures the reactivity of SCMs while eliminating the influence of cement. The evaluation of hydration reaction products with time can be done by using micro analysis techniques, where a stopping procedure for the hydration process and drying the samples would be necessary. One possible method to achieve this is the solvent exchange method with isopropanol, which is also recommended for stopping the hydration of cement paste samples. However, applying the same procedure to clinker-free R3-samples may cause various problems that directly influence the measured data. Therefore, this study addresses experimental issues related to the reproducibility of results when hydration was stopped with isopropanol, due to the sample heterogeneity as well as the content of free water and remaining isopropanol. Emphasis is on R3-testing of different types of metakaolin and the examined data was determined from thermogravimetric analysis. The hydration stoppage procedure was adjusted with respect to the identified issues and practical recommendations are provided as: 1) grinding the whole sample (10 g) together with 10 mL isopropanol; 2) taking an aliquot of 3 g from the sample and placing it in 50 mL isopropanol followed by the drying procedure for cement paste samples; 3) drying the sample in a desiccator for at least 12 h (<2d); 4) hand-milling just before testing .
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Acknowledgements
The authors like to thank Y. Schales for supporting the laboratory tests. The authors also acknowledge the DFG SPP 2005 program “OpusFluidum Futurum-Rheology of reactive, multiscale, multiphase construction materials”. This research is also related to industry-research project number KK5027802KI0 “Entwicklung eines innovativen Bohrpfahltyps auf Basis eines pumpfähigen und transportstabilen metakaolinmodifizierten Betons” funded by “Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi)” via program “Zentrales Innovationsprogramm Mittelstand (ZIM)”.
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Weise, K., Ukrainczyk, N., Endell, L.M., Koenders, E. (2023). R3-Test for Pozzolanic Reactivity: Experimental Issues and Practical Recommendations for Hydration Stoppage with Isopropanol. In: Jędrzejewska, A., Kanavaris, F., Azenha, M., Benboudjema, F., Schlicke, D. (eds) International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. SynerCrete 2023. RILEM Bookseries, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33187-9_6
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