Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Waste Aggregates in Asphalt Mixtures

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Valorisation of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads

Part of the book series: RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports ((RILEM State Art Reports,volume 38))

  • 200 Accesses

Abstract

As part of the RILEM Technical Committee TC 279-WMR on valorisation of waste and secondary materials for roads, Task Group 3 used various waste aggregates as a replacement for natural aggregates in asphalt mixtures, namely, construction and demolition waste, recycled concrete aggregates and steel slag. For this interlaboratory exchange program, the mixtures were produced by substituting various amounts of virgin aggregates with the aforementioned waste aggregates in various fractions. The results from eight laboratories were compared to a reference mixture in each laboratory with conventional aggregates. The mechanical performance of these mixtures using such alternative aggregates indicates that bituminous mixtures prepared with the investigated waste aggregates required higher amounts of bitumen but had acceptable volumetric properties. Furthermore, they had better mechanical performance, regardless of the source of recycled aggregates. The results show that such aggregates can be a viable option for use in roads, thereby contributing to the zero-waste society and reducing the use of natural aggregates. However, the adaptation of quality control/acceptance criteria and pavement design as well as the development of specific research aimed at assessing the environmental viability and life cycle sustainability of such materials is necessary.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Van Dam TJ, Harvey J, Muench ST, Smith KD, Snyder MB, Al-Qadi IL, et al (2015) Towards sustainable pavement systems: a reference document (No. FHWA-HIF-15-002). Federal Highway Administration, USA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pouranian MR, Shishehbor M (2019) Sustainability assessment of green asphalt mixtures: a review. Environments 6(6):73. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments6060073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Europe 2020 Strategy. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/europe-2020-indicators#:~:text=The%20Europe%202020%20strategy%20is,a%20sustainable%20social%20market%20economy. Accessed 18 Apr 2022

  4. Ghanbari M, Abbasi AM, Ravanshadnia M (2018) Production of natural and recycled aggregates: the environmental impacts of energy consumption and CO2 emissions. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage 20(2):810–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0640-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang X, Su B, Yang J, Cong J (2019) Index decomposition and attribution analysis of aggregate energy intensity in Shanxi Province (2000–2015). J Cleaner Prod 238:117897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Braga AM, Silvestre JD, de Brito J (2017) Compared environmental and economic impact from cradle to gate of concrete with natural and recycled coarse aggregates. J Cleaner Prod 162:529–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Poulikakos LD, Papadaskalopoulou C, Hofko B, Gschösser F, Cannone Falchetto A, Bueno M et al (2017) Harvesting the unexplored potential of European waste materials for road construction. Resour Conserv Recycl 116:32–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.09.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Rehman MU, Rashid K, Zafar I, Alqahtani FK, Khan MI (2020) Formulation and characterization of geopolymer and conventional lightweight green concrete by incorporating synthetic lightweight aggregate. J Build Eng 31:101363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Office JE, Chen J, Dan H, Ding Y, Gao Y, Guo M et al (2021) New innovations in pavement materials and engineering: a review on pavement engineering research 2021. J Traffic Transp Eng 8(6):815–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2021.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Piao Z, Mikhailenko P, Kakar MR, Bueno M, Hellweg S, Poulikakos LD (2021) Urban mining for asphalt pavements: a review. J Cleaner Prod 280:124916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Yi H, Xu G, Cheng H, Wang J, Wan Y, Chen H (2012) An overview of utilization of steel slag. Proc Environ Sci 16:791–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.10.108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dunster AM (2002) The use of blast furnace slag and steel slag as aggregates. In: Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Performance of Bituminousand Hydraulic Materials in Pavements, Nottingham

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wu S, Xue Y, Ye Q, Chen Y (2007) Utilization of steel slag as aggregates for stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Build Environ 42(7):2580–2585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Morone M, Costa G, Polettini A, Pomi R, Baciocchi R (2014) Valorization of steel slag by a combined carbonation and granulation treatment. Miner Eng 59:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.08.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Pasetto M, Baliello A, Giacomello G, Pasquini E (2017) Sustainable solutions for road pavements: a multi-scale characterization of warm mix asphalts containing steel slags. J Cleaner Prod 166:835–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Groenniger J, Cannone Falchetto A, Isailović I, Wang D, Wistuba MP (2017) Experimental investigation of asphalt mixture containing Linz-Donawitz steel slag. J Traffic Transp Eng 4(4):372–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtte.2017.05.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Moon KH, Cannone Falchetto A, Wang D, Riccardi C, Wistuba MP (2017) Mechanical performance of asphalt mortar containing hydrated lime and EAFSS at low and high temperatures. Materials 10(7):743. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10070743

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pasetto M, Baliello A, Pasquini E, Skaf M, Ortega-López V (2020) Performance-based characterization of bituminous mortars prepared with ladle furnace steel slag. Sustainability 12(5):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051777

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Skaf M, Manso JM, Aragón Á, Fuente-Alonso JA, Ortega-López V (2017) EAF slag in asphalt mixes: a brief review of its possible re-use. Resour Conserv Recycl 120:176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.12.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Freire AC, Maia A (2019) Estado da arte ibero-brasileira sobre a aplicação de agregados de escórias de aciaria em misturas betuminosas. Geotecnia (146):19–50. https://doi.org/10.24849/j.geot.2019.146.02 [in Portuguese]

  21. European Commission, Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW). http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/construction_demolition.html. Accessed 18 Apr 2022

  22. Construction and Demolition Waste, ERA. https://era.org.mt/topic/construction-and-demolition-waste/. Accessed 18 Apr 2022

  23. Fischer C, Werge M (2009) Europe as a recycling society, present recycling levels of municipal waste and construction & demolition waste in the EU. Denmark, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ossa A, García JL, Botero E (2016) Use of recycled construction and demolition waste (CDW) aggregates: a sustainable alternative for the pavement construction industry. J Cleaner Prod 135:379–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.088

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mikhailenko P, Arraigada M, Piao Z, Poulikakos LD (2022) Multiscale laboratory mechanical performance of SDA mixtures with construction and demolition waste filler. J Mater Civ Eng 34:04022106. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lukasik J, Damtoft JS, Herfort D, Sorrentino D, Gartner EM (2007) Sustainable development and climate change initiatives. In: 12th International congress on the cement chemistry, Montreal, ST3, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  27. Acosta Alvarez D, Alonso Aenlle A, Tenza-Abril AJ, Ivorra S (2019) Influence of partial coarse fraction substitution of natural aggregate by recycled concrete aggregate in hot asphalt mixtures. Sustainability 12(1):250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Radević A, Đureković A, Zakić D, Mladenović G (2017) Effects of recycled concrete aggregate on stiffness and rutting resistance of asphalt concrete. Constr Build Mater 136:386–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Radević A, Isailović I, Wistuba MP, Zakić D, Orešković M, Mladenović G (2020) The impact of recycled concrete aggregate on the stiffness, fatigue, and low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures for road construction. Sustainability 12(10):3949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Chen MJ, Wong YD (2013) Porous asphalt mixture with 100% recycled concrete aggregate. Road Mater Pavement Des 14(4):921–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2013.837839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Nwakaire CM, Yap SP, Yuen CW, Onn CC, Koting S, Babalghaith AM (2020) Laboratory study on recycled concrete aggregate based asphalt mixtures for sustainable flexible pavement surfacing. J Cleaner Prod 262:121462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gedik A (2020) A review on the evaluation of the potential utilization of construction and demolition waste in hot mix asphalt pavements. Resour Conserv Recycl 161:104956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Xu X, Luo Y, Sreeram A, Wu Q, Chen G, Cheng S et al (2022) Potential use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for sustainable asphalt pavements of the future: a state-of-the-art review. J Cleaner Prod 130893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130893

  34. Arabani M, Moghadas Nejad F, Azarhoosh AR (2013) Laboratory evaluation of recycled waste concrete into asphalt mixtures. Int J Pavement Eng 14(6):531–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/10298436.2012.747685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. EN 12697-30 (2018). Bituminous mixtures—test methods—Part 30: specimen preparation by impact compactor. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  36. Pasetto M, Pasquini E, Giacomello G, Moreno-Navarro F, Tauste-Martinez R, Cannone Falchetto A, Vaillancourt M, Carter A, Viscione N, Russo F, Skaf M, Oreskovic M, Freire AC, Mikhailenko P, Poulikakos LD (2022) An interlaboratory test program on the extensive use of waste aggregates in asphalt mixtures: preliminary steps. In: Di Benedetto H, Baaj H, Chailleux E, Tebaldi G, Sauzéat C, Mangiafico S (eds) Proceedings of the RILEM international symposium on bituminous materials—ISBM 2020, RILEM Bookseries vol 27. Springer, Cham, pp 215–221

    Google Scholar 

  37. EN 12697-8 (2020) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 8: determination of void characteristics of bituminous specimens. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  38. EN12697-23 (2017) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 23: determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  39. EN 12697-12 (2018) Bituminous mixtures. Test methods: determination of the water sensitivity of bituminous specimens. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  40. EN 12697-26 (2018) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 26: stiffness. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  41. EN 12697-25 (2016) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 25: cyclic compression test. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  42. EN 12697-31 (2019) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 31: specimen preparation by gyratory compactor. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  43. EN 12697-22 (2020) Bituminous mixtures—test methods—part 22: wheel tracking. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  44. EN 12697-33 (2019) Bituminous mixtures—test method—part 33: specimen prepared by roller compactor. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  45. EN 13043 (2002) Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and other trafficked areas. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering (ICEA), University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 9-35131, Padova, Italy

    Emiliano Pasquini, Marco Pasetto & Giovanni Giacomello

  2. LABIC-UGR, Laboratorio de Ingeniería de La Construcción Universidad de Granada ETS Caminos, Canales y Puertos Severo Ochoa S/N Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Fernando Moreno-Navarro & Raul Tauste-Martinez

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Rakentajanaukio, 4-02150, Espoo, Finland

    Augusto Cannone Falchetto & Di Wang

  4. Department of Construction Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure (ETS), Montreal, QC, H3C, Canada

    Michel Vaillancourt, Alan Carter & Éric Lachance-Tremblay

  5. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

    Nunzio Viscione & Francesca Russo

  6. Department of Construction, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Burgos, C/Villadiego s/n, 09006, Burgos, Spain

    Marta Skaf

  7. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Marko Orešković

  8. Transportation Department, National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700-066, Lisboa, Portugal

    Ana Cristina Freire

  9. Sustainable Pavements and Asphalt Research (SuPAR), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    David Hernando

  10. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Peter Mikhailenko & Lily D. Poulikakos

Authors
  1. Emiliano Pasquini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Fernando Moreno-Navarro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Augusto Cannone Falchetto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Marco Pasetto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Giovanni Giacomello
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Raul Tauste-Martinez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Di Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Michel Vaillancourt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Alan Carter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Éric Lachance-Tremblay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Nunzio Viscione
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Francesca Russo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Marta Skaf
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Marko Orešković
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Ana Cristina Freire
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. David Hernando
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Peter Mikhailenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Lily D. Poulikakos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emiliano Pasquini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Augusto Cannone Falchetto

  2. 308 - Concrete & Asphalt, EMPA, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Lily Poulikakos

  3. DICEA, University of Padua, Padova, Italy

    Emiliano Pasquini

  4. Department of Civil Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

    Di Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Pasquini, E. et al. (2023). Waste Aggregates in Asphalt Mixtures. In: Cannone Falchetto, A., Poulikakos, L., Pasquini, E., Wang, D. (eds) Valorisation of Waste and Secondary Materials for Roads. RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports, vol 38. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33173-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33173-2_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-33172-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-33173-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation