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Embryology and Anatomy of the Posterior Cerebral Artery

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Anatomy of Cranial Arteries, Embryology and Variants

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Abstract

As stated by Arnold A. Zeal and Albert L. Rhoton in a public conference “the posterior cerebral artery is one of the most hazardous arteries to approach surgically because of its deep location, its frequent origin in the midline, the complex series of perforating vessels surrounding and arising from it, and its intimate relationship to the extraocular nerves and upper brainstem” [1]. Therefore, in the present era of microscopic and neuroendoscopic procedures, the surgical anatomy of the posterior skull base vessels and the need for a better understanding of the microanatomy of the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) have gained increased significance [1–4]. Moreover, given the remarkable anatomic complexity of the PCA, it is crucial to have a detailed knowledge of its distribution [5]. Since the illustration of Thomas Willis in 1664, many anatomical variations have been described about the configuration of the posterior part of the “circulus arteriosus cerebri” and several different classifications of the segments of the PCA have been proposed during the last 150 years [2]. In Mammalia, the posterior cerebral artery is said to arise from the basilar artery and its main trunk not only supplies the posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres, as its name implies, but also sends critical branches to the thalamus, midbrain, and other deep structures including the choroid plexus and walls of the lateral and third ventricles [2, 6]. One of the peculiar features of the PCA is growing so far away from its primitive parent, the internal carotid artery, that even the caudal division will not suffice for its requirements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland

    F. Marchi

  2. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France

    Sara Bonasia

  3. University of the Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland

    Thomas Robert

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  1. University of the Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland

    Thomas Robert

  2. Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris, France

    Sara Bonasia

  3. Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Michel W. Bojanowski

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Marchi, F., Bonasia, S., Robert, T. (2023). Embryology and Anatomy of the Posterior Cerebral Artery. In: Robert, T., Bonasia, S., Bojanowski, M.W. (eds) Anatomy of Cranial Arteries, Embryology and Variants. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32913-5_14

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