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Crop Residue Incorporation to Enhance Soil Health in the Rice–Wheat System

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Strategizing Agricultural Management for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Abstract

There has been a fourfold rise in the world population in the past century. To feed the ever-increasing numbers of people, increased agricultural and industrial processes have put further burden on food production. The utilization of crop waste in fields might be regarded as crucial in developing countries. Agricultural soil health is altered for increasing physical, chemical, and biological process owing to the lack of alternative organic amendments. Agricultural residual management techniques in developing countries, i.e., surface retention, integration, and removal, are discussed in this chapter with their benefits and hazards to the agroecosystems based on cereal crops. The health of agricultural soils has deteriorated as a result of increased food production over time. Nutrient cycling and soil quality are influenced due to the various biological, chemical, and physical processes that occur on organic matter that is returned to the soil in the form of crop residues. This chapter will discuss important biological properties like soil microbial biomass and soil biodiversity; physical properties like soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil compaction, and erosion; and chemical properties like soil cation exchange capacity, soil pH, and soil organic carbon. The competitive use between residue retention and yield in mixed crop/livestock systems in developing nations can be a problem. On the other hand, strategies such as intensification and partial retention, as well as nutrient cycling from manures and alternatives to the current functions of livestock such as a mechanized system or insurance, could reduce the pressure on residues in favor of long-term soil quality and health.

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Acknowledgements

Authors want to thank the Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, for awarding fellowship under the International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) Muhammad Mahroz Hussain no. 1-8/HEC/HRD/2020/10831, and also to the Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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  1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Hamna Bashir, Waqas Mohy-Ud-Din, Zahoor Mujdded Choudary, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain & Muhammad Ashir Hameed

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  1. Hamna Bashir
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  1. Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, India

    Suhaib A. Bandh

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Bashir, H., Mohy-Ud-Din, W., Choudary, Z.M., Hussain, M.M., Hameed, M.A. (2023). Crop Residue Incorporation to Enhance Soil Health in the Rice–Wheat System. In: Bandh, S.A. (eds) Strategizing Agricultural Management for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32789-6_4

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