Abstract
Disrupted function and collapse of the upper airway are pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in various disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Upper airway disorders are also diagnosed in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and can in some cases cause a serious decrease of the patient’s ventilation and reduce the efficacy of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) therapy. The endoscopic evaluation of the upper airway indisputably provides valuable information regarding the degree and level of the airway obstruction and the anatomical structures involved. Additionally, endoscopy has a significant role in the diagnosis of treatment-induced airway obstruction in patients undergoing NIV therapy and can contribute to the titration of the ventilation parameters. The findings of the endoscopy procedures have been shown to have special merit in the process of selecting patients that may profit from surgical therapy, especially when it comes to patients suffering from OSAS. Although several classification systems have been proposed, no consensus has been reached so far regarding the optimal evaluation of the endoscopic findings. Nonetheless, endoscopy remains an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of patients with upper airway disorders and of chronically ventilated patients.
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Tzitzili, E., Kanteres, T., Lazopoulos, A., Barbetakis, N. (2023). Diagnosis and Evaluation of Upper Airway Disorders in Noninvasive Ventilator Support: Endoscopy Evaluation. In: Esquinas, A.M., De Vito, A., Barbetakis, N. (eds) Upper Airway Disorders and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32487-1_40
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