Abstract
Airway anatomical structures of children show developmental differences compared to adult patients, and their airway problems may be different from adults. The upper airway covers the area above the intrathoracic part of the trachea, and its diseases are examined under two headings as congenital and acquired. The characteristic feature of these disorders is that they lead to upper airway obstruction (UAO). Upper airway obstruction causes hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory failure. Treatment protocols of UAO include antibiotic therapy, steroids, sympathomimetic agents, and noninvasive and invasive respiratory support. Noninvasive ventilation methods that can be applied to a limited number of diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea and tracheomalacia on this object will be discussed in this section.
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Abbreviations
- AHI:
-
Apnea-hypopnea index
- BIPAP:
-
Bi-level positive airway pressure
- CPAP:
-
Continuous positive airway pressure
- EPAP:
-
Expiratory positive airway pressure
- HFNC:
-
High-flow nasal cannula
- IPAP:
-
Inspiratory positive airway pressure
- NIV:
-
Noninvasive ventilation
- OSA:
-
Obstructive sleep apnea
- PSG:
-
Polysomnography
- UAO:
-
Upper airway obstruction
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Hatipoglu, Z., Turktan, M. (2023). Upper Airway Disorders in Pediatric. Noninvasive Ventilatory Approaches. In: Esquinas, A.M., De Vito, A., Barbetakis, N. (eds) Upper Airway Disorders and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32487-1_33
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