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Noninvasive Ventilation Success and Failure Risk Factors: The Role of Upper Airways

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Upper Airway Disorders and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

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Abstract

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) refers to the provision of ventilatory support through the patient’s upper airways using a mask or similar device.

Over the past few years, several factors have been identified that influence the outcome of NIV, but the mechanisms which determine NIV failure or success are incompletely understood.

The upper airways may play a role in the efficiency of delivered ventilation, but, currently, the relationship between NIV outcome and upper airways is not completely understood.

To address these issues, we discuss the factors mainly related to NIV failure and its success; moreover, we analyze the anatomic and physiological basis of interaction between upper airways and NIV and the potential compromise of the efficacy of NIV induced by alterations in the upper airway patency or its spasticity.

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Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ARF:

Acute respiratory failure

cmH2O:

Centimeters of water

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

EPAP:

Expiratory positive airway pressure

FiO2:

Fraction of inspired oxygen

HMEs:

Heat-moisture exchangers

ICU:

Intensive care unit

IMV:

Invasive mechanical ventilation

IPAP:

Inspiratory positive airway pressures

NIV:

Noninvasive ventilation

PSRs:

Pulmonary stretch receptors

PVA:

Patient-ventilator asynchrony

RARs:

Rapidly adapting receptors

UA:

Upper airways

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Respiratory Disease, AORN “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, Caserta, Italy

    Domenica Di Costanzo & Mariano Mazza

Authors
  1. Domenica Di Costanzo
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  2. Mariano Mazza
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Morales M, Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Antonio M. Esquinas

  2. ENT, Ravenna Hospital, AUSL of Romagna Italy, Ravenna, Italy

    Andrea De Vito

  3. Thoracic Surgery, Theageneio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Nikolaos Barbetakis

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Di Costanzo, D., Mazza, M. (2023). Noninvasive Ventilation Success and Failure Risk Factors: The Role of Upper Airways. In: Esquinas, A.M., De Vito, A., Barbetakis, N. (eds) Upper Airway Disorders and Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32487-1_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32487-1_13

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