Abstract
The plausibility of the Ethics of Political Commemoration can be demonstrated by subjecting it to three tests. Is it coherent? Can it command a significant degree of consensus? Does it correspond to plausible instances of remembrance? As this chapter shows, the framework passes these three tests. Its coherence derives from being based on the tested and multidimensional Just War tradition, with parallels in other traditions, such as thinking about natural law. The framework can command significant agreement, in that it encompasses scholarly debate, and has analogies in various museum charters and guidelines on commemoration—while connecting these to a larger tradition. Moreover, the framework corresponds to instances of compelling remembrance and helps us to understand why certain suggestions for the Stalin Museum in Georgia, the Cascade Memorial in Armenia, or the Tito Museum in Croatia are more plausible than others. Like the Just War Theory, the Ethics of Political Commemoration is positioned between perennial challengers: the pacifist view that no political compulsion has merit on the one side and an ends-justifies-means rejection of restraint on the other. Taken together, these considerations highlight that the framework constitutes a plausible paradigm.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
For a comprehensive argument in favour of tradition as a mode of moral enquiry, see Alasdair MacIntyre, Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: Encyclopaedia, Genealogy, and Tradition (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1994), https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/200/monograph/book/48319.
- 2.
For an overview on current debates, see Seth Lazar, ‘War’, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Edward N. Zalta, Spring 2020 (Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, 2020), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2020/entries/war/
- 3.
This definition of politics as resting in the friend-foe distinction is most starkly put forward by Carl Schmitt, but for a recent discussion, see also Cees van der Eijk, The Essence of Politics, 2018, https://www.aup.nl/en/book/9789463727211/the-essence-of-politics
- 4.
Charles Leslie Stevenson, ‘The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms’, Mind 46, no. 181 (1937): 14–31.
- 5.
Michael Walzer, ‘The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success)’, Social Research 69, no. 4 (2002): 936.
- 6.
See Eric De Brabandere, ‘The Concept of Jus Post Bellum in International Law’, in Jus Post Bellum, ed. Carsten Stahn, Jennifer S. Easterday, and Jens Iverson (Oxford University Press, 2014), 124–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685899.003.0008
- 7.
Hans Gutbrod, ‘Just War Theory: The Only Winner Across Four Grim Conflicts’, Opinio Juris, 27 June 2022, https://opiniojuris.org/2022/06/27/just-war-theory-the-only-winner-across-four-grim-conflicts/
- 8.
Alfred North Whitehead, An Introduction to Mathematics (Henry Holt and Company, 1911). p. 61.
- 9.
Andrea Keller, ‘Cicero: Just War in Classical Antiquity’, in Cicero: Just War in Classical Antiquity (De Gruyter, 2012), 9–30, https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110291926.9
- 10.
See ‘Religion and Humanitarian Principles’, Religion and Humanitarian Principles, 22 February 2023, https://blogs.icrc.org/religion-humanitarianprinciples/
- 11.
Ping-cheung Lo, ‘The “Art of War” Corpus and Chinese Just War Ethics Past and Present’, The Journal of Religious Ethics 40, no. 3 (2012): 404–46.
- 12.
Alasdair C. MacIntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2nd ed. (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984).
- 13.
Adam Kirsch, ‘The Classicist Who Killed Homer’, The New Yorker, 7 June 2021, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/06/14/the-classicist-who-killed-homer
- 14.
‘John Rawls on Just War’, Bill Soderberg, Philosopher at Large (blog), 1 December 2015, https://billsoderberg.com/bills-talks/john-rawls-on-just-war/
- 15.
‘On the Laws (De Legibus) | Natural Law, Natural Rights, and American Constitutionalism’, accessed 26 February 2023, http://www.nlnrac.org/classical/cicero/documents/de-legibus
- 16.
‘The Confessions of Saint Augustine, by Saint Augustine’, accessed 26 February 2023, https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3296/3296-h/3296-h.htm
- 17.
Michael Rothberg, ‘From Gaza To Warsaw: Mapping Multidirectional Memory’, Criticism 53, no. 4 (2011): 523–48.
- 18.
Timothy Snyder, ‘Commemorative Causality’, Modernism/Modernity 20, no. 1 (2013): 77–93, https://doi.org/10.1353/mod.2013.0026
- 19.
See ‘Guidelines for International Discourse on History and Memory’, ENRS, accessed 26 February 2023, https://enrs.eu/guidelines
- 20.
‘International Memorial Museums Charter’, IHRA, 10 December 2022, https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/resources/working-definitions-charters/international-memorial-museums-charter
- 21.
The principled critique of empathy by Paul Bloom can in some ways be taken as a plea for a larger framework of ethical consideration.
- 22.
‘Professor Louise Mallinder and Dr. Margaret O’Callaghan: The Ethics of Commemorative Practices’, Royal Irish Academy, 31 March 2015, https://www.ria.ie/news/ethical-political-legal-and-philosophical-studies-committee-opinion-series-ethics-initiative
- 23.
Office of the President of Ireland, ‘Diary President Hosts Machnamh 100 Event’, accessed 26 February 2023, https://president.ie/index.php/en/diary/details/president-hosts-machnamh-100-event/video
- 24.
Gutbrod, ‘The Ethics of Political Commemoration: The Stalin Museum and Thorny Legacies in the Post-Soviet Space—PONARS Eurasia’.
- 25.
Forthcoming publication, Gutbrod.
- 26.
Hans Gutbrod, ‘Brijuni or Brioni: Reviewing Tito’s Luxury Island’, Baltic Worlds, 18 October 2022, https://balticworlds.com/brijuni-or-brioni-reviewing-titos-luxury-island/
- 27.
Hans Gutbrod, ‘Bolnisi Museum—the Longest Human Journey’, OC Media, 1 August 2022, https://oc-media.org/features/bolnisi-museum-the-longest-human-journey/
- 28.
W. G. Sebald, ‘An Attempt at Restitution’, The New Yorker, 12 December 2004, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/12/20/an-attempt-at-restitution
- 29.
Jaeger Zolling, Peter Falk, ‘Das Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus’ (Berlin: Bundesministerium für Finanzen, 2019).
- 30.
LeRoy Walters, ‘The Just War and the Crusade: Antitheses or Analogies?’, The Monist 57, no. 4 (1 November 1973): 584–94, https://doi.org/10.5840/monist197357424
- 31.
Andrew North, ‘We Would All Be Better off If Politicians Left History Alone’, Nikkei Asia, 5 September 2022, https://asia.nikkei.com/Opinion/We-would-all-be-better-off-if-politicians-left-history-alone
- 32.
Pers Anders Rudling, ‘Institutes of Trauma Re-Production in a Borderland: Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania’, in Constructions and Instrumentalization of the Past A Comparative Study on Memory Management in the Region (Stockholm: Centre for Baltic and East European Studies, CBEES, 2020), 10.
- 33.
W. G. Sebald, On the Natural History of Destruction, trans. Anthea Bell, 1st edition (New York: Random House, 2003). The German title of the essay is “Air War and Literature”.
- 34.
Judith Pollmann, ‘Acts of Oblivion’, in Memory in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800, ed. Judith Pollmann (Oxford University Press, 2017), 0, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797555.003.0007
- 35.
‘The Case for Home Rule’, accessed 26 February 2023, https://celt.ucc.ie/published/E900030/text001.html
- 36.
‘Address given by Winston Churchill (Zurich, 19 September 1946)’, (CVCE.EU by UNI.LU, 6 May 2014), https://www.cvce.eu/en/obj/address_given_by_winston_churchill_zurich_19_september_1946-en-7dc5a4cc-4453-4c2a-b130-b534b7d76ebd.html
- 37.
A. J. P. Taylor, review of War and Peace, by Geoffrey Best and Martin Caedel, London Review of Books, 2 October 1980, https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v02/n19/a.j.p.-taylor/war-and-peace
- 38.
Ping-cheung Lo, ‘The “Art of War” Corpus and Chinese Just War Ethics Past and Present’, The Journal of Religious Ethics 40, no. 3 (2012): 404–46, p. 435.
- 39.
Thomas S. Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1962).
- 40.
MacIntyre, Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry. p. 87.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gutbrod, H., Wood, D. (2023). Truth of the New Paradigm. In: Ethics of Political Commemoration. Twenty-first Century Perspectives on War, Peace, and Human Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31594-7_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31594-7_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-31593-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-31594-7
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)