Abstract
Sensing technologies are rapidly dropping in price and improving the quality of data acquisition. It is therefore expected that sensing technologies, paired with artificial intelligence algorithms, will become a common part of the educational researcher’s toolkit to unobtrusively measure learning phenomena in years to come. In this section, we learned about the potential of using multimodal and multichannel data to create rich models of higher-order constructs, namely engagement, self-regulated learning (SRL) and collaboration. The five chapters showcased various applications of sensing technologies and logging mechanisms to generate indicators that can be critical for studying and supporting learning.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Azevedo, R., Bouchet, F., Duffy, M., Harley, J., Taub, M., Trevors, G., Cloude, E., et al. (2022). Lessons learned and future directions of metatutor: Leveraging multichannel data to scaffold self-regulated learning with an intelligent tutoring system. Frontiers in Psychology, 13.
Chejara, P, Prieto, L. P., RodrÃguez-Triana, M. J., Ruiz-Calleja, A., Kasepalu, R. & Shankar, S. K. (2023). Multimodal Learning Analytics research in the wild: challenges and their potential solutions. In LAK 2023 workshop: Leveraging multimodal data for generating meaningful feedback (pp. 1–5).
Cukurova, M., Giannakos, M., & Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2020). The promise and challenges of multimodal learning analytics. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1441–1449.
Di Mitri, D., Schneider, J., Specht, M., & Drachsler, H. (2018). From signals to knowledge: A conceptual model for multimodal learning analytics. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(4), 338–349.
Echeverria, V., Martinez-Maldonado, R., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2019). Towards collaboration translucence: Giving meaning to multimodal group data. In Proceedings of the 2019 SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1–16).
Echeverria, V., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Yan, L., Zhao, L., Fernandez-Nieto, G., Gašević, D., & Shum, S. B. (2022). HuCETA: A framework for human-centered embodied teamwork analytics. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 1–11.
Martinez-Maldonado, R., Echeverria, V., Fernandez-Nieto, G., Yan, L., Zhao, L., Alfredo, R., Li, X., Dix, S., Jaggard, H., Wotherspoon, R., Osborne, A., Gasevic, D., & Buckingham Shum, S. (2023). Lessons learnt from a multimodal learning analytics deployment in-the-wild. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. In press.
Ochoa, X. (2022). Multimodal learning analytics – Rationale, process, examples, and direction. In C. Lang, G. Siemens, A. F. Wise, D. Gašević, & A. Merceron (Eds.), The handbook of learning analytics (pp. 54–65). SOLAR.
Praharaj, S., Scheffel, M., Drachsler, H., & Specht, M. (2021). Literature review on co-located collaboration modeling using multimodal learning analytics—Can we go the whole nine yards? IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 14(3), 367–385.
Sharma, K., & Giannakos, M. (2020). Multimodal data capabilities for learning: What can multimodal data tell us about learning? British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1450–1484.
Southwell, R., Pugh, S., Perkoff, E. M., Clevenger, C., Bush, J. B., Lieber, R., Ward, W., Foltz, P. & D’Mello, S. (2022). Challenges and feasibility of automatic speech recognition for modeling student collaborative discourse in classrooms. In Proceedings of the 15th international conference on educational data mining (pp. 302–315).
Worsley, M., Martinez-Maldonado, R., & D’Angelo, C. (2021). A new era in multimodal learning analytics: Twelve core commitments to ground and grow MMLA. Journal of Learning Analytics, 8(3), 10–27.
Yan, L., Zhao, L., Gasevic, D., & Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2022). Scalability, sustainability, and ethicality of multimodal learning analytics. In LAK22: 12th international learning analytics and knowledge conference (pp. 13–23).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Martinez-Maldonado, R. (2023). Collecting Unobtrusive Data: What Are the Current Challenges?. In: Kovanovic, V., Azevedo, R., Gibson, D.C., lfenthaler, D. (eds) Unobtrusive Observations of Learning in Digital Environments. Advances in Analytics for Learning and Teaching. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30992-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30992-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-30991-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-30992-2
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)