Abstract
Sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides form acid rains, deplete ozone, and cause secondary inorganic aerosols that are harmful to human health and biota in general. CO2 (700 million tons), SO2 (200 million tons), NO2 (150 million tons), and particulate matter [PM (200 million tons of solid particles)] in enormous amounts are raised from the world’s surface to atmosphere each year. One of the leading causes of this issue is the transportation sector. In this chapter, an assessment of the contribution of gaseous and particulate emissions from oceangoing ships to anthropogenic emissions and air quality from the perspective of climate change and human health was made. The benefits and the necessity of an ecological indicator modal for air emission regulations on maritime transportation are discussed. Emission metrics are evaluated by the appropriateness of choice. Forcing agents and gases that need to be diminished is pinpointed with the metric to serve the policy goals.
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Abbreviations
- BC:
-
Black carbon
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- CH4:
-
Methane
- CNG:
-
Compressed natural gas
- DWT:
-
Deadweight
- EEDI:
-
Energy Efficiency Design Index
- GHG:
-
Greenhouse gases
- GT:
-
Gross tonnage
- GTP:
-
Global Temperature-change Potential
- GWP:
-
Global Warming Potential
- HPDF:
-
High-pressure dual fuel
- IFO:
-
Intermediate fuel oil
- IFO 380:
-
Intermediate fuel oil with maximum viscosity of 380 centistokes
- IMO:
-
International Maritime Organization
- IPCC:
-
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- LFO:
-
Light fuel oil
- LNG:
-
Liquefied natural gas
- LPDF:
-
Low-pressure dual fuel
- MDO:
-
Marine diesel oil
- MGO:
-
Marine gas oil
- NO:
-
Nitrogen monoxide
- NO2:
-
Nitrogen dioxide
- NOx:
-
Nitrogen oxides
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- RF:
-
Radiative forcing
- SO:
-
Sulfur monoxide
- SO2:
-
Sulfur dioxide
- SOx:
-
Sulfur oxides
- VLS:
-
Very low sulfur
- VOC:
-
Volatile organic compound
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Çalışkan, U.Y., Zincir, B. (2023). Necessity of Ecological Efficiency Indicator Modal of Air Pollutants and Emissions from Ships in Maritime Transportation: Policy Perspective. In: Sogut, M.Z., Karakoc, T.H., Secgin, O., Dalkiran, A. (eds) Proceedings of the 2022 International Symposium on Energy Management and Sustainability . ISEMAS 2022. Springer Proceedings in Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30171-1_14
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