Skip to main content

Vertical Trajectory Analysis Using QR Code Detection for Drone Delivery Application

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Sensing Technology (ICST 2022)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 1035))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The advent of the internet and fast-processing computers have enabled drones to fly autonomously for a variety of applications. Most of the research focuses on horizontal trajectory planning and mapping for autonomous navigation. In this study, we propose a method to address the urban last-mile drone delivery problem. The paper suggests an autonomous vertical trajectory scanning method that could be used to analyse the appropriate level and unit in an apartment building. The QR code embedded with the level and unit number information is used as a marker that can be detected by the drone’s visual recognition framework. The suggested method aims to conduct real-time detection of the apartment at every level using consistent trajectory tracking. The experiments are tested indoors for 3 levels and 10 unique QR codes, comparing with 4 different trajectory planning patterns to analyse the most efficient trajectory. The parallel path is observed to be the most optimum for maximum area coverage and the quickest arrival to the desired destination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Ahmed, F., et al.: Recent Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Review. Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 1–22 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Quan, L., et al.: Survey of UAV motion planning. IET Cyber‐Syst. Rob. 2(1), 14–21 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cabreira, T.M., Brisolara, L.B., Ferreira Jr Paulo, R.: Survey on coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles. Drones 3(1), 4 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Benarbia, T., Kyamakya, K.: A literature review of drone-based package delivery logistics systems and their implementation feasibility. Sustainability 14(1), 360 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xie, W., Chen, C., Sithipolvanichgul, J.: Understanding e-commerce customer behaviors to use drone delivery services: a privacy calculus view. Cogent Bus. Manag. 9(1), 2102791 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Perreault, M., Behdinan, K.: Delivery drone driving cycle. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 70(2), 1146–1156 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang, C., et al.: On optimizing a multi-mode last-mile parcel delivery system with vans, truck and drone. Electronics 10(20), 2510 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Choi, Y., Schonfeld, P.M.: A comparison of optimized deliveries by drone and truck. Transp. Plan. Technol. 44(3), 319–336 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Rodrigues, T.A., et al.: In-flight positional and energy use data set of a DJI Matrice 100 quadcopter for small package delivery. Sci. Data 8(1), 1–8 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ullah, F., et al.: Advertising through UAVs: optimized path system for delivering smart real‐estate advertisement materials. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 36(7), 3429–3463 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Brunner, G., et al.: The urban last mile problem: Autonomous drone delivery to your balcony. In: 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Chen, K.-W., et al.: DroneTalk: an internet-of-things-based drone system for last-mile drone delivery. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Deutsche Post DHL Group: DHL’S PARCELCOPTER: CHANGING SHIPPING FOREVER, 30 October 2022. https://www.dhl.com/discover/en-my/business/business-ethics/parcelcopter-drone-technology

  14. Kim, S.-H., et al.: Design and flight tests of a drone for delivery service. J. Inst. Control Rob. Syst. 22(3), 204–209 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Deaconu, A.M., Udroiu, R., Nanau, C.-Ş.: Algorithms for delivery of data by drones in an isolated area divided into squares. Sensors 21(16), 5472 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Xu, L., Kamat, V.R., Menassa, C.C.: Automatic extraction of 1D bar-codes from video scans for drone-assisted inventory management in warehousing applications. Int. J. Log. Res. Appl. 21(3), 243–258 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Mukkirwar, R., Nandini, R., Tembhurde, P., Bhagat, R.: Real-time barcode detection from streamlined video from a drone. In: Kumar, R., Dohare, R. K., Dubey, H., Singh, V. P. (eds.) Applications of Advanced Computing in Systems. AIS, pp. 241–246. Springer, Singapore (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4862-2_26

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Gago, R.M., Pereira, M.Y.A., Pereira, G.A.S.: An aerial robot-ic system for inventory of stockpile warehouses. Eng. Rep. 3(9), e12396 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Radácsi, L., et al.: A path planning model for stock inventory using a drone. Mathematics 10(16), 2899 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Macrina, G., et al.: Drone-aided routing: a literature review. Transp. Res. Part C Emerging Technol. 120, 102762 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Avishkar Seth .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Seth, A., James, A., Kuantama, E., Mukhopadhyay, S., Han, R. (2023). Vertical Trajectory Analysis Using QR Code Detection for Drone Delivery Application. In: Suryadevara, N.K., George, B., Jayasundera, K.P., Mukhopadhyay, S.C. (eds) Sensing Technology. ICST 2022. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 1035. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29871-4_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29871-4_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-29870-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-29871-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics