Skip to main content

Animals That Stay Together, Hunt Together

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators

Part of the book series: Fascinating Life Sciences ((FLS))

Abstract

Social mammalian predators typically forage in groups and maintain mostly consistent membership. Within the social unit, there could be a hierarchy for allocating resources and predators may benefit from hunting together than alone. An intriguing question that this book poses is whether the benefits of cooperative hunting warrant group living or whether benefits of group living predispose animals to hunt communally. Consolidation of similar species or taxa-specific studies in a comparative context can help elucidate some of the ways different researchers are approaching questions on cooperative predation and sociality. Each chapter is dedicated to a social mammalian carnivore hunting mammalian prey. In total, we provide representative examples from five terrestrial and one marine species. We have been intentionally selective in our choices to allow a holistic synthesis of knowledge and better illustration of social unit characteristics and predation strategies. We learn that the lives of these predators are shaped by resource variability, lateral and vertical information transfer, human forces, and intrinsic life history, social, and behavioral traits. We consider impacts of human and environmental change on the social habits of these predators, specifically the potential disruption of social learning when the social structure is fragmented. As an overarching goal, the book hopes to offer insights on the value of protecting social predators to maintain ecosystem resilience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Beauchamp, G. (2014). Social predation: How group living benefits predators and prey (1st ed.). Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M., Daniels, T. J., & Gittleman, J. L. (1984). Life history patterns and the comparative social ecology of carnivores. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 15(1), 191–232. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.001203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bertram, B. C. R. (1978). Living in groups: Predators and prey. Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, N., Talty, C., Schulman-Janiger, A., & Srinivasan, M. (2023). Mammal hunting killer whales off monterey, California: A 30-year synthesis. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brakes, P., Carroll, E. L., Dall, S. R. X., Keith, S. A., Mcgregor, P. K., Mesnick, S. L., Noad, M. J., Rendell, L., Robbins, M. M., Rutz, C., Thornton, A., Whiten, A., Whiting, M. J., Aplin, L. M., Bearhop, S., Ciucci, P., Fishlock, V., Ford, J. K. B., Notarbartolo Di Sciara, G., … Garland, E. C. (2021). A deepening understanding of animal culture suggests lessons for conservation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 288, 20202718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti, S., Banerjee, K., & Yv, J. (2023). The role of food & mates in shaping Asiatic lion societies. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2016). Mammal societies. Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Creel, S., & MacDonald, D. (1995). Sociality, group size, and reproductive suppression among carnivores. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 24, 203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Creel, S. R., & Creel, N. M. (1995). Communal hunting and pack size in African wild dogs, Lycaon pictus. Animal Behaviour, 50, 1325–1339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curio, E. (1976). The ethology of predation. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gittleman, J. L. (1989). Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. Comstock.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, N. R., Golabek, K. A., Marneweck, C. J., Marneweck, D. G., Mbizah, M. M., Ngatia, D., Rabaiotti, D., Tshimologo, B., & Watermeyer, J. (2023). Hunting behavior and social ecology of African wild dogs. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krebs, J. R. (1978). Optimal foraging: Decision rules for predators. In J. R. Krebs & N. B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioral ecology: An evolutionary approach. Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kruuk, H. (1972). The spotted hyena; a study of predation and social behavior. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Laland, K. N., & Galef, B. G. (2009). The question of animal culture. Harvard University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, S. D. J., & Farine, D. R. (2017). A multidimensional framework for studying social predation strategies. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1, 1230–1239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, D. W. (1983). The ecology of carnivore social behaviour. Nature, 301, 379–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nudds, T. D. (1978). Convergence of group size strategies by mammalian social carnivores. The American Naturalist, 112, 957–960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Packer, C., & Ruttan, L. (1988). The evolution of cooperative hunting. The American Naturalist, 132(2), 159–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, M., Borrego, N., & Packer, C. (2023). Social strategies of African lion. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaller, G. B. (1972). The Serengeti lion : A study of predator-prey relations. The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J., & Holekamp, K. E. (2023). Hunting success in the spotted hyena: Morphological adaptations and behavioral strategies. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan, M. (2023). Social strategies of a consummate marine predator: Mammal hunting killer whales. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan, M., & Würsig, B. (2023). Sociality and its relevance in group hunting mammalian predators. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Suter, H. F., & Houston, A. I. (2021). How to model optimal group size in social carnivores. The American Naturalist, 197(4), 473–485.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tallian, A., Ciucci, P., Milleret, C., Smith, D., Stahler, D., Wikenros, C., & Ordiz, A. (2023). Wolves in a human world: Social dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere’s most iconic social carnivore. In M. Srinivasan & B. Würsig (Eds.), Social strategies of carnivorous mammalian predators: Hunting and surviving as families. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, H., & Rendell, L. (2015). The cultural lives of whales and dolphins. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mridula Srinivasan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Srinivasan, M., Würsig, B. (2023). Animals That Stay Together, Hunt Together. In: Srinivasan, M., Würsig, B. (eds) Social Strategies of Carnivorous Mammalian Predators. Fascinating Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29803-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics