Abstract
Climate change has become one of the most important global challenges that both developing and developed nations face in the 21st Century. In the transportation sector, electric vehicles (xEV) have emerged as a viable solution to fight climate change. However, the short longevity of the battery system, and their limited range which depends on the battery performance, remains a drawback. In the electric power sector, renewable energy sources such as solar and wind have emerged as strong energy assets, but these sources are intermittent and cause fluctuations on the electrical power grid. To solve these issues, renewable energy systems are sometimes coupled with battery energy storage system (BESS). This chapter reviews batteries, energy storage technologies, energy-efficient systems, power conversion topologies, and related control techniques.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Fairley, P.: The troubled link between gas and electricity grids. IEEE Spectrum 53(6), 11–12 (2016). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7473135/?ar-number=7473135&tag=1
St. John, J.: California utilities are fast-tracking battery projects to manage Aliso Canyon Shortfall. Greentech Med. (2016). https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/california-utilities-are-fast-tracking-battery-projects-to-manage-aliso-can
Barsukov, Y., Qian, J.: Battery Power Management for Portable Devices, pp. 111–138. ArtechHouse, Boston MA (2013)
Application Note “AN2013-02” V2.0, Infineon, (2013). https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-MOSFET_Small_Signal_selection_of_the_MOSFET_for_faster_balancing_of_Li-Ion_batteries-AN-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=db3a30433cfb5caa013cfbf079c10255
Kim, H.-S., Park, K.-B., Park, S.-H., Moon, G.-W., Youn, M.-J.: A new two-switch flyback battery equalizer with low voltage stress on the switches. IEEE Energy Conver Congress Expos 2009, 511–516 (2009)
Mubenga, N.S., Linkous, Z., Stuart, T.: A bilevel equalizer for large lithium-ion batteries. Batteries. Accepted for publication (2017) https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/3/4/39
Andreas, D.: White Paper-Dissipative vs. Non-Dissipative Balancing (a.k.a: Passive vs. Active Balancing) (2010). http://liionbms.com/php/wp_passive_active_balancing.php
Mubenga, N.: A battery management system for large Li-ion batteries with Bi-level equalization. Dissertation, University of Toledo, Ohio (2017). http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1513207337549147
Tkarcher: Battery with polymer separator. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Battery_with_polymer_separator.svg. Attribution: Tkarcher, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Mubenga, N.S., Stuart, T.: A low cost hybrid equalizer for Lithium Ion BESS. In: 2018 IEEE Clemson University Power Systems Conference (IEEE PSC18), Clemson, SC (2018)
Mubenga, N.S., Stuart, T.: A bilevel equalizer for lithium ion batteries. In: IEEE 2018 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference (NAECON 2018), Dayton, OH, USA (2018). https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8556725
Mubenga, N.S., Sharma, K., Stuart, T.: A bilevel equalizer to boost the capacity of second life Li Ion batteries. Batteries (2019). https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/5/3/55
Mubenga, N.S., Salami, B., Stuart, T.: Bilevel vs. passive equalizers for second life EV batteries. Electricity 2(1) (2021), 63–76. Retrieved online February 7. 2021 from https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4826/2/1/4/htm
Salami, B.: The efficiency measuring apparatus for li-ion battery equalizers. Master Thesis, University of Toledo, Ohio (2021). http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1619460723390441
Mubenga, N.S.: The efficiency measuring apparatus for the design of li-ion batteries equalizers. In: NAECON 2021—IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference, pp. 18–24 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON49338.2021.9696391
Andreas, D.: Battery management systems for large lithium-ion battery packs, pp. 35–87, ArtechHouse, Boston MA (2010)
Lindemark, B.: Individual cell voltage equalizers (ICE) for reliable battery performance. In: Proceedings of 13th Annual International Telecommunication Energy Conference, pp. 196–201
Williamson, S.S.: Design, testing, and validation of a simplified control scheme for a novel plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery cell equalizer. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 57(12), 3956–3962 (2010)
Baronti, F., Fantechi, G., Leonardi, E., Roncella, R., Saletti, R.: Hierarchical platform for monitoring, managing and charge balancing of LiPo batteries. In: Proceedings of Vehicle Power Propulsion Conference, pp. 1–6 (2011)
Lee, K.M., Lee, S.W., Choi, Y.G., Kang, B.: Active balancing of Li-ion battery cells using transformer as energy carrier. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 64(2), 1251–1257 (2017)
Zhang, D.-A., Zhu, G-R, He, S.J, Qiu, S., Ma, Y., Wu, Q.-M., Chen, W.: Balancing control strategy for li-ion batteries string based on dynamic balanced point. Energies 8, 1830–1847 (2015). http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/3/1830. Accessed July 2017
Lee, K.M., Chung, Y.C., Sung, C.H., Kang, B.: Active cell balancing of Li-ion batteries using LC series resonant circuit. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 62(9), 5491–5501 (2015)
Shang, Y., Xia, B., Lu, F., Zhang, C., Cui, N., Mi, C.C.: A switched-coupling-capacitor equalizer for series-connected battery strings. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 32(10), 7694–7706 (2017)
Baronti, F., Fantechi, G., Roncella, R., Saletti, R.: High-efficiency digitally controlled charge equalizer for series-connected cells based on switching converter and super-capacitor. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf. 9(2), 1139–1147 (2013)
Cadar, D., Petreus, D., Patarau, T., Palaghita, N.: Active balancing method for battery cell equalization. In: ACTA Technica Napocensis Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 51, no. 2 (2010). https://users.utcluj.ro/~ATN/papers/ATN_2_2010_1.pdf. Accessed July 2017
Lee, Y., Jeon, S., Lee, H., Bae, S.: Comparison on cell balancing methods for energy storage applications. Ind. J. Sci. Technol. 9(17) (2016)
Einhorn, M., Roessler, W., Fleig, J.: Improved performance of serially connected Li-ion batteries with active cell balancing in electric vehicles. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 60(6), 2448–2457 (2011)
Park, H.S., Kim, C.E., Kim, C.H., Moon, G.W., Lee, J.H.: A modularized charge equalizer for an HEV lithium-ion battery string. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 56(5), 1464–1476 (2009)
Kutkut, N.H., Divan, D.M.: Dynamic equalization techniques for series battery stacks. In: Proceedings of 18th Annual International Telecommunication Energy Conference, pp. 514–521
Moore, S.W., Schneider, P.J.: A review of cell equalization methods for lithium ion and lithium polymer battery systems. In: Proceedings of SAE World Congress Doc. 2001-01-0959 (2001)
Lukic, S.M., Cao, J., Bansal, R.C., Rodriguez, R., Emadi, A.: Energy storage systems for automotive applications. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 55(6), 2258–2267 (2008)
Kutkut, N.H., Wiegman, H.L.N., Divan, D.M., Novotny, D.W.: Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 35(1), 28–35 (1999)
Sakamoto, H., Murata, K., Sakai, E., Nishijima, K.: Balanced charging of series connected battery cells. In: Proceedings of 22nd Annual International Telecommunication Energy Conference, pp. 311–315
Gottwald, T., Ye, Z., Stuart, T.: Equalization of EV and HEV batteries with a ramp converter. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 33(1), 307–312 (1997)
Tang, M., Stuart, T.: Selective buck-boost equalizer for series battery packs. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. 36(1), 201–211 (2000)
Chen, T.C., Guey, Z.J.: Charge equalizer or series of connected battery strings. U.S. Patent 6 008 623 (1999)
Schmidt, H., Siedle, C.: The charge equalizer—a new system to extend battery life-time in photovoltaic systems, UPS and electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of 15th Annual International Telecommunication Energy Conference, pp. 146151
Einhorn, M., Guertlschmid, W., Blochberger, T., Kumpusch, R., Permann, R., Conte, F., Kral, C., Fleig, J.: A current equalization method for serially connected battery cells using a single power converter for eachcell. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 60(12), 4227–4237 (2011)
Stuart, T.A., Zhu, W.: Modularized battery management for large lithiumion-cells. J. Power Sour. 196, 458–464 (2011)
Kim, M.-Y., Kim, J.-W., Kim, C.-H., Cho, S.-Y., Moon, G.-W.: Automatic charge equalization circuit based on regulated voltage source for series connected lithium-ion batteries. In: Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Power Electron .ECCE Asia, pp. 2248–2255 (2011)
Oriti, G., Julian, A.L., Norgaard, P.: Battery management system with cell equalizer for multi-cell battery packs. In: 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), pp. 900–905 (2014)
Zhu, W.: An improved targeted equalizer for battery management systems. Master Thesis, University of Toledo, Ohio, USA (2008)
Park, H.-S., Kim, C.-E., Kim, C.-H., Moon, G.-W., Lee, J.-H.: A modularized charge equalizer for an HEV lithium-ion battery string. IEEETrans. Ind. Electron. 56(5), 1464–1476 (2009)
Karnjanapiboon, C., Jirasereeamornkul, K., Monyakul, V.: High efficiency battery management system for serially connected battery string. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 1504–1509 (2009)
Pascual, C., Krein, P.T.: Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization. In: Proceedings 12th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference Exposition, pp. 848–854
Baughman, A.C., Ferdowsi, M.: Double-tiered switched-capacitor battery charge equalization technique. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 55(6), 2277–2285 (2008)
Lee, Y.S., Cheng, G.T.: Quasi-resonant zero-current-switching bidirectional converter for battery equalization applications. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 21(5), 1213–1224 (2006)
Lee, Y.S., Cheng, M.W.: Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 52(5), 1297–1307 (2005)
Manenti, A., Abba, A., Merati, A., Savaresi, S.M., Geraci, A.: A new BMS architecture based on cell redundancy. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 58(9), 4314–4322 (2011)
Kutkut, N., Divan, D.: Dynamic equalization techniques for series battery stacks. In: Proceedings of 18th International Telecommun Energy Conference, pp. 514–521 (1996)
Moore, S.W., Schneider, P.J.: A review of cell equalization methods for lithium ion and lithium polymer battery systems. In: Proceedings of SAE World Congress, Paper 2001-01-0959
Cao, J., Schofield, N., Emadi, A.: Battery balancing methods: a comprehensive review. In: Proceedings of IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp. 1–6 (2008)
Lindemark, B.: Individual cell voltage equalizers (ICE) for reliable battery performance. In: Proceedings of International Telecommunications Energy Conference, pp. 196–201 (1991)
Baronti, F., Fantechi, G., Roncella, R., Saletti, R.: Design of a module switch for battery pack reconfiguration in high-power applications. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 1330–1335 (2012)
Datasheet “LTC3300–1 Datasheet”, document number 33001fb, Linear Technology accessed online at www.linear.com/LTC3300-1
Datasheet “EMB1499Q”, Document# SNOSCV7B”, Rev 9/13 Texas Instrument, September 2013. Accessible online at http://www.ti.com/product/EMB1499Q
Mubenga, N.S.: Efficiency Measuring Apparatus, Active Equalizer Inductor Design Tool and Equalizer Design App. U.S. Provisional patent 63/167,471 (2021)
Stuart, T.A.: A Bilevel Equalizer for Battery Cell Charge Management, U.S. Provisional Patent Application # 62/287,575 (2016)
Voelker, T.: Fisher Scientific “Trace Degradation Analysis of Lithium Ion Battery” Sunnyvale, California, March 2014. https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/brochures/AR-Lithium-Ion-Battery-Degradation-RandD-Mag-042214.pdf
Smith, K., Wood, E., Santhanagopalan, S., Kim, G.H., Shi, Y., Pesaran, A.: Predictive Models of Li-Ion Battery Lifetime National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/PR-5400–64622, Advanced Automotive Battery Conference and Large Li-Ion Battery Symposium, Detroit, Michigan, June 15–19 (2015)
Bartlett, A.: Electrochemical model-based state of charge and state of health estimation of Lithium Ion batteries. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Ohio (2015)
Zhang, Y., Wang, C.Y., Tang, X.: Cycling degradation of an automotive LiFePO4 lithium-ion batteries. J. Power Sour. 196(2011), 1513–1520 (2010)
“BU808-b: What causes Li-ion to Die” Battery University http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/bu_808b_what_causes_li_ion_to_die
Rastler, D.: Electricity Energy Storage Technology Options: A White paper Primer on Applications, Costs, and Benefits 1020676, EPRI (2010)
United States Advanced Batteries Consortium (USABC) Website. Online retrieved on 10/24/2017. https://uscar.org/usabc/
“PHEV Battery Goals” United States Advanced Batteries Consortium, USA. https://uscar.org/usabc/#246-246-top
“EV Battery Goals” United States Advanced Batteries Consortium, USA. https://uscar.org/usabc/#246-246-top
“48V HEV Battery Goals” United States Advanced Batteries Consortium, USA. https://uscar.org/usabc/#246-246-top
“12V Start Stop Vehicles Battery goals” United States Advanced Batteries Consortium , USA. https://uscar.org/usabc/#246-246-top
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mubenga, N.S. (2024). Batteries, Energy Storage Technologies, Energy-Efficient Systems, Power Conversion Topologies, and Related Control Techniques. In: Kyamakya, K., Bokoro, P.N. (eds) Recent Advances in Energy Systems, Power and Related Smart Technologies. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 472. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29586-7_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29586-7_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-29585-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-29586-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)