Cyber Warfare: Challenges Posed in a Digitally Connected World: A Review

Abstract

Today’s world is highly dependent on electronic technology and protecting this data from cyber-attacks is a challenging issue. Cyberspace is considered as a new frontier where it represents a digital ecosystem, the next generation of Internet and network applications, promising a whole new world of distributed and open systems that can interact, self-organize, evolve, and adapt. At present, most of the economic, commercial, cultural, social, and governmental activities and exchanges of countries, at all levels, including individuals, non-governmental organizations and government and governmental institutions, are carried out in cyberspace. Lately, countless private companies and government organizations around the world are facing the problem of cyber-attacks and the danger of wireless communication technologies. Globally, no sector is considered immune from the impacts of cyberwarfare. Global multinationals, government agencies at all levels, large organisations, and critical infrastructure providers no matter where they are headquartered or what their country of origin are all targeted primarily by criminals or state actors. Inadvertent or lateral collateral damage of nation-state driven cyberwarfare impacts organizations of all sorts. Most of the challenges and conflicts facing countries and groups today involve cyberspace. To conduct cyberspace operations, cyber target information must be collected in cyberspace, and cyber targets must be selected to achieve effective operational objectives. This article highlights the advancements presented in the field of cyber security and to investigate the challenges, weaknesses, and strengths of the proposed methods.