Skip to main content

Psychopathological Problems in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C.O.P.D.): An Holistic “Mind-Body” Comprehension

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Abstract

In this chapter, we showcase a series of psychopathological-reactive problems in patients affected by respiratory failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C.O.P.D). We highlight the importance of a “mind-body” holistic approach as a necessary prerequisite for any successful treatment. Aiming at being both scientific and comprehensive in the application of such an approach, we show how to prevent and to deal with the onset of all those issues that can hinder the recovery of a patient and which eventually impact on the ordinary or “somatic” therapy as well. As a consequence of this, we argue that, in recognition of the distinctive psychopathological features proper to C.O.P.D. and in addition to its specific treatment, the pneumologist ought to be able to handle the psychological implications of the doctor–patient relation prior to any decision to resort—if necessary—to a specific psychological or psychiatric consultation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vogelmeier CF, Criner CJ, Martinez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report. GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(5):557–82. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201701-0218PP.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Freud S, Musatti CL. OPERE VOL. 10. 1924-1929, 1978. Bollati Boringhieri ed, Torino Cap. II: 241-246. ISBN 9788833904801.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cagli V. L’Equivoco psicosomatico. Causalità-fisica e causalità-psichica nella genesi delle malattie. Roma: Armando; 2002. p. 7–13.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Balint M. Medico, Paziente e Malattia. Biblioteca di psichiatria e psicologia clinica. Feltrinelli Ed, Milano, Capitolo XX, 1990, p. 317–33.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Eisner MD, Blanc PD, Yelin EH, et al. Influence of anxiety on health outcomes in C.O.P.D. Thorax. 2010;65:229–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Light RW, Merril EJ, Despars JA, et al. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with C.O.P.D.: relationship to functional capacity. Chest. 1985;87:35–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Williams IW Jr, Mulrow CD, Kroenke K, et al. Case-finding for depression in primary care: a randomized trial. Am J Med. 1999;106:36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(98)00371-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Chetta A, Foresi A, Marangio E, et al. Psychological implications of respiratory health and disease. Respiration. 2005;72:210–5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084056.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kim HF, Kunik ME, Molinari VA. Functional impairment in C.O.P.D. patients: the impact of anxiety and depression. Psychosomatics. 2000;41:465–71. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.41.6.465.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Wittchen HU, Zhao S, Kessler RC, et al. DSM III-R generalized anxiety disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:355–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Yohannes A, Roomi J, Baldwin RC, et al. Depression in elderly patients with disabling chronic obstructive polmonary disease. Age Aging. 1998;27:155–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Smoller JW, Pollack MH, Otto MW, et al. Panic anxiety, dyspnea, and respiratory disease. Theoretical and clinical considerations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154:6–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kvaal K, Macijanskiene J, Engedal K, et al. High prevalence of anxiety symptoms in hospitalized geriatric patients. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001;16:620–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Abrams TE, Vaughan-Sarrazin M, Vander Weg MW. Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the effect of existing psychiatric comorbidity on subsequent mortality. Psychosomatics. 2011;52:441–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2011.03.005. PMID: 21907063.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Guyenet PG, Bayliss DA. Neural control of breathing and CO2 homeostasis. Neuron. 2015;87:946–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Vollmer LL, Strawn JR, Sah R. Acid–base dysregulation and chemosensory mechanisms in panic disorder: a translational update. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e572. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.67. PMCID: PMC4471296 PMID: 26080089.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:435–52. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201111-2042.ST.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Sikter A, Frecska E, Braun I. The role of hyperventilation: hypocapnia in the pathomechanism of panic disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2007;29:375–9. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006005000048.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Basting TM, Burke PGR, Kanbar R, et al. Hypoxia silences retrotrapezoid nucleus respiratory chemoreceptors via alkalosis. J Neurosci. 2015;35:527–43. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2923-14.2015.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Ritz T. Airway responsiveness to psychological processes in asthma and health. Front Physiol. 2012;3:343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00343. PMCID: PMC3433706. PMID: 22973233.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Gift AG, Plaut SM, Jacox A. Psychologic and physiologie factors related to dyspnea in subjects with chronic obstructive polmonary diseas. Heart Lung. 1986;15:585–601.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pooler A, Beech R. Examining the relationship between anxiety and depression and exacerbations of C.O.P.D. which result in hospital admission: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014;9:315–30. https://doi.org/10.2147/C.O.P.D.S53255.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Lader M, Bruce M. States of anxiety and their induction by drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;22:251–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02884.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. American Psychiatric Publishing, editor. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). 5th ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Giardino ND, Curtis JL, Abelson JL, et al. The impact of panic disorder on interoception and dyspnea reports in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biol Psychol. 2010;84:142–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.02.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Livermore N, Sharpe L, Mckenzie D. Panic attacks and panic disorder in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cognitive behavioral perspective. Respir Med. 2010;104:1246–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2010.04.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Oleynick C. Recurrent episodes of hypercapnic respiratory failure triggered by panic attacks in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Med Case Rep. 2020;30:101044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101044.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Pitts FN, McClure JN. Lactate metabolism in anxiety neurosis. N Engl J Med. 1967;227:1329–36. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM196712212772502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wemmie JA. Neurobiology of panic and pH chemosensation in the brain. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13:475–83. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Goossens L, Leibold N, Peeters R. Brainstem response to hypercapnia: a symptom provocation study into the pathophysiology of panic disorder. J Psychopharmacol. 2014;28:449–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114527363.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. O’Donnell DE. Hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006;3:180–4. https://doi.org/10.1513/pats.200508-093DO.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kroeger D, Ferrari LL, Petit G, et al. Cholinergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus have distinct effects on sleep/wake behavior in mice. J Neurosci. 2017;37:1352–66. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1405-16.2016. PMID: 28039375. PMCID: PMC5296799.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Millan MJ. The neurobiology and control of anxious states. Prog Neurobiol. 2003;70:83–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00087-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kim EJ, Yong-Ku Kim Y-K. Panic disorders: the role of genetics and epigenetics. AIMS Genet. 2018;27(5):177–90. https://doi.org/10.3934/genet.2018.3.177. PMID: 31435520 PMCID: PMC6690230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-29.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Agusti AG, Noguera A, Sauleda J. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2003;21:347–60. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.03.00405703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Maes M, Kubera M, Obuchowiczwa E. Depression’s multiple comorbidities explained by (neuro)inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress pathways. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2011;32:7–24. PMID: 21407167.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gibson GJ, Loddenkemper R, Lundbäck B, et al. Respiratory health and disease in Europe: the new European Lung White Book. Eur Respir J. 2013;42:559–63. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00105513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Eiser N, Harte R, Spiros K, et al. Effect of treating depression on quality-of-life and exercise tolerance in severe COPD. COPD. 2005;2:233–41. PMID: 17136950.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pollok J, van Agteren JE, Carson-Chahhoud KV. Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12:CD012346. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Borson S, McDonald GJ, Gayle T, et al. Improvement in mood, physical symptoms, and function with nortriptyline for depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Psychosomatics. 1992;33:190–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(92)71995-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Remick RA. Anticholinergic side effects of tricyclic antidepressants and their management. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1988;12:225–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-5846(88)90039-5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Puhan MA, Frey M, Büchi S, et al. The minimal important difference of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2008;6:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-6-46. PMCID: PMC2459149. PMID: 18597689.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Sanchez C, Reines EH, Montgomery SA. A comparative review of escitalopram, paroxetine, and sertraline: are they all alike? Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2014;29:185–96. https://doi.org/10.1097/YIC.0000000000000023. PMC 4047306. PMID 24424469.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Waldschmidt HV, Homan KT, Cato MC. Structure-based design of highly selective and potent g protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibitors based on paroxetine. J Med Chem. 2017;60:3052–69. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00112. PMC 5641445. PMID 28323425.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Norman TR, Olver JS. Agomelatine for depression: expanding the horizons? Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20:647–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1574747. PMID 30759026. S2CID 73421269.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Millan MJ, Gobert A, Lejeune F, et al. The novel melatonin agonist agomelatine (S20098) is an antagonist at 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors, blockade of which enhances the activity of frontocortical dopaminergic and adrenergic pathways. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306:954–64. https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.103.051797. PMID 12750432. S2CID 18753440.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Niels Ringstad N, Namiko AH, Horvitz R. Ligand-gated chloride channels are receptors for biogenic amines in C. elegans. Science. 2009;325:96–100. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1169243.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). Am J Psychiatry. 2000;157(4):1–45.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pollok J, van Agteren JEM, Esterman AJ, et al. Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;3:CD012347. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012347.pub2. PMCID: PMC6400788. PMID: 30838649.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Perini M. L’Organizzazione nascosta, dinamiche inconsce e zone d’ombra nelle moderne organizzazioni. Milano: Franco Angeli Editore; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Fonagy P. What works for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research. 2nd ed. London: Guilford Press; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Guidano VF. The self in process. Toward a post-rationalist cognitive therapy. London: Guilford Press; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ryle A, Kerr IB. Cognitive analytic therapy: principles and practice of a relational approach to mental health. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley; 2020.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  55. Park MJ, Cho JH, Chang Y, et al. Factors for predicting noninvasive ventilation failure in elderly patients with respiratory failure. J Clin Med. 2020;4(9):2116. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072116. PMID: 32635559. PMCID: PMC7408979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Grieco DL, Menga LS, Eleuteri D, Antonelli M. Patient self-inflicted lung injury: implications for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and ARDS patients on non-invasive support. Minerva Anestesiol. 2019;85:1014–23. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0375-9393.19.13418-9. PMID: 30871304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MV. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2017;50:1602426. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02426-2016.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gatti, G., Giordano, M., Mollica, C. (2023). Psychopathological Problems in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (C.O.P.D.): An Holistic “Mind-Body” Comprehension. In: Esquinas, A.M., Fabbo, A., Koc, F., Prymus, A., Farnik, M. (eds) Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation and Neuropsychiatric Disorders . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27968-3_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27968-3_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-27967-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-27968-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics