Abstract
Hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs) are becoming more prevalent as they are viewed as economic off-grid sources of clean energy that could help reduce rural electrification and global warming problems. This paper aims to provide a techno-economic feasibility and environmental analysis of a HRES to be designed for meeting a daily load requirement of 389.4 kWh/day with a peak load of 82.71 kW, represented by the energy demand of thirty houses located in Al-Qurayyat city, Al Jouf Province, KSA. Thus, the aim of this paper coincides with the KSA’s “Vision 2030” and also with the “Net Zero Plan”, which promote sustainable energy solutions and net zero CO2 emissions, respectively. Moreover, the objective is achieved by designing a HRES consisting of PV, WT, a DG, converter and lead-acid BSS after taking into account the weather and operating conditions of Al Qurayyat city, which represents the novelty of this paper. Simulation of the system is achieved by HOMER to obtain the optimum configuration. After considering six arrangements, the results reveal that the ideal arrangement is indeed the PV/WT/DG//BSS with an optimized NPC and COE of $358,616, and $0.166/kWh while attaining a RF percentage of 92.8%. An alternative configuration, consisting of PV/WT//BSS would yield a 100% RF but with a NPC of $475,374 and COE of $0.22/kWh. The technical results show that the proposed HRES produces a total annual energy of 285,750 kWh/year with the PV, WT, and DG contributing 91.2%, 5.21%, and 3.58%, correspondingly. Regarding the environmental assessment, the optimized HRES annually saves a total of 206,678 kg of greenhouse gases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Sönnichsen, N.: World Primary Energy Consumption 2020. Statista, 12 August 2021. https://www.statista.com/statistics/265598/consumption-of-primary-energy-worldwide/. 12 Dec 2021
Total energy consumption. Enerdata. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html
Nelson, J.: The Physics of Solar Cells. Imperial College Press And Distributed By World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (2003). https://doi.org/10.1142/p276
Hau, E.: Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27151-9
Spera, D.A.: Introduction to modern wind turbines. In: Wind Turbine Technology: Fundamental Concepts of Wind Turbine Engineering, pp. 47–72 (1994)
Benton, K., Yang, X., Wang, Z.: Life cycle energy assessment of a standby diesel generator set. J. Clean. Prod. 149, 265–274 (2017)
Deb, S., Ghosh, D., Mohanta, D.K.: Reliability analysis of PV cell, wind turbine and diesel generator by using Bayesian network. In: 2016 international conference on electrical, electronics, and optimization techniques (ICEEOT), pp. 2714–2719. IEEE, March 2016
Rezk, H., Dousoky, G.M.: Technical and economic analysis of different configurations of stand-alone hybrid renewable power systems–a case study. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 62, 941–953 (2016)
Baneshi, M., Hadianfard, F.: Techno-economic feasibility of hybrid diesel/PV/wind/battery generation systems for non-residential large electricity consumers under southern Iran climate conditions. Energy Convers. Manage. 127, 233–244 (2016)
Rajbongshi, R., Borgohain, D., Mahapatra, S.: Optimization of PV-biomass-diesel and grid base hybrid energy systems for rural electrification. Energy 126, 461–474 (2017)
Murugaperumal, K., Raj, P.A.D.V.: Feasibility design and techno-economic analysis of hybrid energy system for rural electrification. Sol. Energy 188, 1068–1083 (2019)
Krishan, O., Suhag, S.: Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system for an energy poor rural community. J. Energy Storage 23, 305–319 (2019)
Nguyen, H.T., Safder, U., Nguyen, X.N., Yoo, C.: Multi-objective decision-making and optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system to meet the dynamic energy demands of a wastewater treatment plant. Energy 191, 116570 (2020)
Rinaldi, F., Moghaddampoor, F., Najafi, B., Marchesi, R.: Economic feasibility analysis and optimization of hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification in Peru. Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 23(3), 731–748 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-020-01906-y
Esfilar, R., Bagheri, M., Golestani, B.: Technoeconomic feasibility review of hybrid waste to energy system in the campus: a case study for the University of Victoria. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 146, 111190 (2021)
Tariq, R., et al.: Artificial intelligence assisted technoeconomic optimization scenarios of hybrid energy systems for water management of an isolated community. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 48, 101561 (2021)
Mas’ud, A.A., AlGarni, H.Z.: Optimum configuration of a renewable energy system using multi-year parameters and advanced battery storage modules: a case study in Northern Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 13(9), 5123 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095123
Google. (n.d.). Average+Electric+Kettle+Wattage. Google Shopping. https://www.google.com/shopping/product/. 9 Apr 2022
Robert, F.C., Sisodia, G.S., Gopalan, S.: The critical role of anchor customers in rural microgrids. In: 2017 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC), pp. 398–403. IEEE, March 2017
Ahmed, J., Harijan, K., Shaikh, P.H., Lashari, A.A.: Techno-economic feasibility analysis of an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system for rural electrification. J. Elect. Electron. Eng. 9(1), 7–15 (2021)
Çetinbaş, İ., Tamyürek, B., Demirtaş, M.: Design, analysis and optimization of a hybrid microgrid system using HOMER software: Eskisehir osmangazi university example Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev. IJRED. 8(1), 1–15 (2019)
Mahesh, A., Sandhu, K.S.: Hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system developments: critical review and findings. Renew. Energy Rev. 52, 1135–1147 (2015)
Ramli, M.A., Bouchekara, H.R.E.H., Alghamdi, A.S.: Optimal sizing of PV/wind/diesel hybrid microgrid system using multi-objective self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm. Renew. Energy 121, 400–411 (2018)
Kumar, P., Pukale, R., Kumabhar, N., Patil, U.: Optimal design configuration using HOMER. Proc. Technol. 24, 499–504 (2016)
OulisRousis, A., Tzelepis, D., Konstantelos, I., Booth, C., Strbac, G.: Design of a hybrid AC/DC microgrid: case study on a residential application. Inventions 3(3), 55 (2018)
Kumar, Y.P., Bhimasingu, R.: Optimal sizing of microgrid for an urban community building in south India using HOMER. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES), pp. 1–6. IEEE, December 2014
Demiroren, A., Yilmaz, U.: Analysis of change in electric energy cost with using renewable energy sources in Gökceada, Turkey: an island example. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14(1), 323–333 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.06.030
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Atlam, H.A., Hussein, A.I. (2023). Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Al Qurayyat City, KSA. In: Kim, J., Chen, Z. (eds) Trends in Environmental Sustainability and Green Energy. CGEEE 2022. Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27803-7_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27803-7_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-27802-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-27803-7
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)