Abstract
Latin America has experienced alternations from left to right or vice versa. In fact, there have been more cases of alternation than continuity. But yet Colombia, unlike the rest of the countries in the region, had never experienced any major alternation until the 2018–2019 electoral cycle, when it was marked by a conservative shift from the right to the extreme right in the presidential elections.
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Notes
- 1.
The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, once the oldest and strongest guerrilla group in Latin America, became a legally constituted political party in 2016 as a result of a peace process.
- 2.
See analysis article on voters and ideologues of Uribismo (Fajardo, 2010).
- 3.
As will be explained below, there was a break between these two politicians. Juan Manuel Santos manages to be reelected in 2014 with the banner of the peace process, facing the candidate of uribismo.
- 4.
See Juan Manuel Santos’ speech upon winning the 2012 presidential election.
- 5.
Through the C-230–16 Constitutional Court of Colombia returned to the original design of the 1991 Constitution and approved the prohibition of presidential reelection.
- 6.
See: https://nuso.org/articulo/alvaro-uribe-y-juan-manuel-santos-una-misma-derecha/ and Alberto Acosta Ortega: “La Tercera Vía: una alternativa para Colombia con Santos” in Restauración Nacional, 28 January 2010.
- 7.
See: The lies that spread by whatsapp. Semana Magazine 2016. https://www.semana.com/tecnologia/articulo/plebiscito-por-la-paz-mentiras-que-se-propagaron-porwhatsapp/495972/.
- 8.
The so-called “gender ideology” has been “full” of variable contents: in 2016 it has a profile farther away from the religious and closer to the discourse of rights: religious freedom, conscience, local culture, etc. As Beltrán and Creely (2008) quoted by Gil Hernández (2020) rightly expose, this new conservative discourse using the language of human rights represents a secular strategy adopted by religious actors to enter a debate that is defined as modern and secular. It was more associated with sexuality and constructionist theories about gender and family; at this moment the transgender experience embodies the greatest anxiety of this moral panic (Hernández, 2020, p. 34).
- 9.
See: Informe electoral elecciones 2018. MOE. https://www.moe.org.co/informe-de-observacion-elecciones-presidencia-2018/.
- 10.
As seen above, he is a right-wing candidate.
- 11.
In this opportunity, although Rodolfo Hernandez was also a candidate who called himself an outsider, his political proposals and political support revolved around the parties that have historically governed the country (El Tiempo, 2022).
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Cajamarca, L. (2023). Colombia: The Country Where Peace Allowed Political Alternation. In: Dabène, O. (eds) Latin America’s Pendular Politics. Studies of the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26761-1_12
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