Abstract
The pure tone average (PTA) is the average of hearing sensitivity at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Otoacoustic emissions are useful for infant screening (transient evoked otoacoustic emissions have high sensitivity/specificity), disabled individuals who cannot participate in testing, diagnosis of auditory neuropathy, and malingerers. Differences in the embryonic origin and timing of gestational development mean that disorders affecting the inner ear are less likely to have coexisting external ear/middle ear abnormalities. Cochlear implants convert sound into an electrical signal to stimulate the cochlear nerve directly.
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Further Reading
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Pelosi, S. (2023). Basic Science of the Temporal Bone and Audiology. In: Lin, F.Y., Patel, Z.M. (eds) ENT Board Prep. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26048-3_13
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