Abstract
Hydraulically bound mixtures are mixtures containing a hydraulic binder responsible for the fast setting and hardening properties of the material. These mixtures are designed to attain structural integrity in the base, sub-base, and subgrade of road pavements. The main objective of this work is to present a general overview of the existing European framework on laboratory test methods related to the performance of the hydraulically bound mixtures regarding road applications. The main test methods for mechanical and durability properties are described, including the preparation of test specimens.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antunes ML, Marecos V, Neves J, Morgado J (2016) Decision to pavement solutions in road infrastructures based on life-cycle assessment. Baltic J Road Brid Eng 11(1):43–52
Biswal DR, Sahoo UC, Dash SR (2018) Durability and shrinkage studies of cement stabilised granular lateritic soils. Int J Pav Eng 20(12):1451–1462
CEN Homepage, European Committee for Standardization. https://standards.cen.eu. Accessed 18 Nov 2020
CEN/TS 13286-54:2014 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of frost susceptibility. Resistance to freezing and thawing of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 197-1:2011 – Cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements. CEN, Brussels
EN 932-1:1996 – Tests for general properties of aggregates. Methods for sampling. CEN, Brussels
EN 932-2:1999 – Tests for general properties of aggregates. Methods for reducing laboratory samples. CEN, Brussels
EN 1097-5:2008 – Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates. Determination of the water content by drying in a ventilated oven. CEN, Brussels
EN 12390-1:2021 – Testing hardened concrete. Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and moulds. CEN, Brussels
EN 13242:2002+A1:2007 – Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and road construction. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-1:2021 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content. Introduction, general requirements and sampling. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-2:2010/AC:2012 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content. Proctor compaction. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-3:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content. Introduction, general requirements and sampling. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-4:2021 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content. Vibrating hammer. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-5:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test methods for laboratory reference density and water content. Vibrating table. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-40:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the direct tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-41:2021 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the compressive strength of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-42:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the indirect tensile strength of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-43:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the modulus of elasticity of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-45:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the workability period of hydraulically bound mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-46:2003 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of the moisture condition value. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-47:2012 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of California bearing ratio, immediate bearing index and linear swelling. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-48:2005 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Test method for the determination of degree of pulverisation. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-49:2004 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Accelerated swelling test for soil treated by lime and/or hydraulic binder. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-50:2004 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using Proctor equipment or vibrating table compaction. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-51:2004 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrating hammer compaction. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-52:2004 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Method for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using vibrocompression. CEN, Brussels
EN 13286-53:2004 – Unbound and hydraulically bound mixtures. Methods for the manufacture of test specimens of hydraulically bound mixtures using axial compression. CEN, Brussels
EN 14227-1:2013 – Hydraulically bound mixtures. Specifications. Cement bound granular mixtures. CEN, Brussels
EN 14227-15:2015 – Hydraulically bound mixtures. Specifications. Hydraulically stabilised soils CEN, Brussels
Gomes-Correia A, Winter MG, Puppala AJ (2016) A review of sustainable approaches in transport infrastructure geotechnics. Transport Geotech 7:21–128
Liu Y, Su P, Li M, You Z, Zhao M (2020) Review on evolution and evaluation of asphalt pavement structures and materials. J Traf Transport Eng 7(5):573–599
Majarrez FP (2013) Semi-rigid pavement performance and construction techniques for semiarid areas. Road Mat Pav Desig 14(3):615–637
PCA (1992) Soil-cement laboratory handbook. Portland Cement Association, USA
Pasetto M, Baldo N (2016) Recycling of waste aggregate in cement bound mixtures for road pavement bases and sub-bases. Constr Build Mat 108:112–118
Pérez P, Agrela F, Herrador R, Ordoñez J (2013) Application of cement-treated recycled materials in the construction of a section of road in Malaga, Spain. Constr Build Mat 44:593–599
Plati C (2019) Sustainability factors in pavement materials, design, and preservation strategies: a literature review. Constr Build Mat 211:539–555
Stehlik D, Dasek O, Hyzl P, Coufalik P, Krcmova I, Varaus M (2015) Pavement construction using road waste building material: from a model to reality. Road Mat Pav Desig 16:314–329
Walters CE, Edwards J (2009) Increasing the use of hydraulically bound mixtures in construction. Final report, WRAP, Banbury
Xuan D, Houben LJM, Molenaar AAA, Shui Z (2010) Cement treated recycled demolition waste as a road base material. J Wuhan Univ Techn-Mat Sci Ed 25(4):696–699
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful for the support of the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through funding FCT-IDB/04625/2020 from the research unit CERIS (Center of Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Neves, J. (2023). Review on Laboratory Testing for Hydraulically Bound Mixtures Used in Road Applications. In: Chaminé, H.I., Fernandes, J.A. (eds) Advances in Geoengineering, Geotechnologies, and Geoenvironment for Earth Systems and Sustainable Georesources Management. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25986-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25986-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25985-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25986-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)