Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Retinal Laser Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Retina Lasers in Ophthalmology

  • 261 Accesses

Abstract

How we understand a problem informs the solutions we propose. The answers we get are only as good as the questions we ask.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Argon laser photocoagulation for neovascular maculopathy: five-year results from randomized clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991;109(8):1109–14. Erratum in: Arch Ophthalmol 1992 Jun;110(6):761. PMID: 1714270.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation for juxtafoveal choroidal neovascularization: five-year results from randomized clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112(4):500–9. PMID: 7512336.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bressler NM, Maguire MG, Murphy PL, Alexander J, Margherio R, Schachat AP, Fine SL, Stevens TS, Bressler SB. Macular scatter (‘grid’) laser treatment of poorly demarcated subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: results of a randomized pilot trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114(12):1456–64. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1996.01100140654002. PMID: 8953976.

  4. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions of age-related macular degeneration: updated findings from two clinical trials. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993;111(9):1200–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1993.01090090052019. PMID: 7689827.

  5. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Visual outcome after laser photocoagulation for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration: the influence of initial lesion size and initial visual acuity. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112(4):480–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1994.01090160056023. PMID: 7512334.

  6. Barondes MJ, Pagliarini S, Chisholm IH, Hamilton AM, Bird AC. Controlled trial of laser photocoagulation of pigment epithelial detachments in the elderly: 4 year review. Br J Ophthalmol. 1992;76(1):5–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.76.1.5. PMID: 1371225; PMCID: PMC504139.

  7. Schatz H. Laser photocoagulation of retinal disease. San Francisco: Pacific Medical Press; 1988. p. 281. ISBN 10 0960810242 ISBN 13 9780960810246.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bressler SB, Maguire MG, Bressler NM, Fine SL, The Macular Photocoagulation Study Group. Relationship of drusen and abnormalities of the retinal pigment epithelium to the prognosis of neovascular macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(10):1442–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1990.01070120090035. PMID: 1699513.

  9. Gass JD. Drusen and disciform macular detachment and degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973;90:206–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Gass JD. Photocoagulation of macular lesions. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1971;75:580–608.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Complications of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial Study Group. The Complications of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Prevention Trial (CAPT): rationale, design and methodology. Clin Trials. 2004;1(1):91–107. https://doi.org/10.1191/1740774504cn007xx. PMID: 16281465.

  12. Frennesson CI, Bek T, Jaakkola A, Nilsson SE, Prophylactic Laser Treatment Study Group. Prophylactic laser treatment of soft drusen maculopathy: a prospective, randomized Nordic study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(7):720–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01396.x. Epub 2008 Oct 3. PMID: 18937820.

  13. Virgili G, Michelessi M, Parodi MB, Bacherini D, Evans JR. Laser treatment of drusen to prevent progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10(10):CD006537. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006537.pub3. PMID: 26493180; PMCID: PMC4733883.

  14. Morgan CM, Schatz H. Atrophic creep of the retinal pigment epithelium after focal macular photocoagulation. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(1):96–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32924-1. PMID: 2919053.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ruiz-Moreno J, De la Vega C, Zarbin MA. Macular atrophy after photocoagulation of soft drusen. Retina. 2003;23(3):315–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200306000-00005. PMID: 12824830.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sacconi R, Bandello F, Querques G. Foveal chorioretinal anastomosis secondary to macular focal photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2(2):127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2017.10.004. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PMID: 31047338.

  17. Sreekumar PG, Zhou J, Sohn J, Spee C, Ryan SJ, Maurer BJ, Kannan R, Hinton DR. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide augments laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(3):1210–20. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0667. PMID: 18326751.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lim JI. Hastening choroidal neovascularization: the irony of prophylactic laser in unilateral eyes with high-risk drusen. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;141(2):354–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2005.09.027. PMID: 16458694.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Gabriele ML, Wollstein G, Ishikawa H, Kagemann L, Xu J, Folio LS, Schuman JS. Optical coherence tomography: history, current status, and laboratory work. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(5):2425–36. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6312. PMID: 21493951; PMCID: PMC3088542.

  20. Slakter JS, Yannuzzi LA, Guyer DR, Sorenson JA, Orlock DA. Indocyanine-green angiography. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1995;6(3):25–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199506000-00005. PMID: 10151085.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Querques G, Corvi F, Querques L, Souied EH, Bandello F. Optical coherence tomography angiography of choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016;56:101–6. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442800. Epub 2016 Mar 15. PMID: 27023343.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ciulla TA, Rosenfeld PJ. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular ocular diseases other than age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009;20(3):166–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0b013e328329d173. PMID: 19381089.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mainster MA, Reichel E. Transpupillary thermotherapy for age-related macular degeneration: long-pulse photocoagulation, apoptosis, and heat shock proteins. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2000;31(5):359–73. PMID: 11011704.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Reichel E, Berrocal AM, Ip M, Kroll AJ, Desai V, Duker JS, Puliafito CA. Transpupillary thermotherapy of occult subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 1999;106(10):1908–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(99)90400-1. PMID: 10519584.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Myint K, Armbrecht AM, Mon S, Dhillon B. Transpupillary thermotherapy for the treatment of occult CNV in age-related macular degeneration: a prospective randomized controlled pilot study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006;84(3):328–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0420.2005.00623.x. PMID: 16704693.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Odergren A, Algvere PV, Seregard S, Kvanta A. A prospective randomised study on low-dose transpupillary thermotherapy versus photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92(6):757–61. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2007.133561. Epub 2008 Mar 20 PMID: 18356266.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. American National Standards Institute. American national standard for the safe use of lasers, ANSI Z136.1–2000. Washington, DC: American National Standards Institute; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tsai TH, Yang CM, Yang CH, Ho TC, Huang JS, Chen MS. Transpupillary thermotherapy for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration in Taiwan. Eye (Lond). 2007;21(6):721–6. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6702312. Epub 2006 Mar 17 PMID: 16543926.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Squirrell DM, Stewart AW, Joondeph BC, Danesh-Meyer HV, McGhee CN, Donaldson ML. Large-spot subthreshold infrared laser to treat diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2008;28(4):615–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e31815ee567. PMID: 18398365.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu L, Murphy RP. Photodynamic therapy: a new approach to the treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1999;10(3):217–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00055735-199906000-00011. PMID: 10537782.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Wormald R, Evans J, Smeeth L, Henshaw K. Photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jul 18;(3):CD002030. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002030.pub3. PMID: 17636693.

  32. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Kiss C, Sacu S. The role of choroidal hypoperfusion associated with photodynamic therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration and the consequences for combination strategies. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2009;28(2):145–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.01.001. PMID: 19272333.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Luttrull JK, Spink CJ. Prolongation of choroidal hypofluorescence following combined verteporfin photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Retina. 2007;27(6):688–92. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e318030e999. PMID: 17621176.

  34. Barbazetto I, Burdan A, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Haynes L, Kapetanios AD, Lukas J, Olsen K, Potter M, Reaves A, Rosenfeld P, Schachat AP, Strong HA, Wenkstern A; Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study Group; Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy Study Group. Photodynamic therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with verteporfin: fluorescein angiographic guidelines for evaluation and treatment--TAP and VIP report No. 2. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121(9):1253–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.121.9.1253. PMID: 12963608.

  35. Azab M, Benchaboune M, Blinder KJ, Bressler NM, Bressler SB, Gragoudas ES, Fish GE, Hao Y, Haynes L, Lim JI, Menchini U, Miller JW, Mones J, Potter MJ, Reaves A, Rosenfeld PJ, Strong A, Su XY, Slakter JS, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Sorenson JA; Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy (TAP) Study Group; Verteporfin in Photodynamic Therapy (VIP) Study Group. Verteporfin therapy of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration: meta-analysis of 2-year safety results in three randomized clinical trials: treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy and verteporfin in photodynamic therapy study report no. 4. Retina. 2004;24(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200402000-00001. PMID: 15076937.

  36. Cruess AF, Zlateva G, Pleil AM, Wirostko B. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review of efficacy, safety, treatment modifications and pharmacoeconomic properties. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009;87(2):118–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01218.x. Epub 2008 Jun 13. PMID: 18577193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Lim TH, Lai TYY, Takahashi K, Wong TY, Chen LJ, Ruamviboonsuk P, Tan CS, Lee WK, Cheung CMG, Ngah NF, Patalauskaite R, Margaron P, Koh A; Everest II Study Group. Comparison of ranibizumab with or without verteporfin photodynamic therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: the everest II randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(9):935–942. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.2443. PMID: 32672800; PMCID: PMC7366282.

  38. Shiraga F, Ojima Y, Matsuo T, Takasu I, Matsuo N. Feeder vessel photocoagulation of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 1998;105(4):662–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0161-6420(98)94021-0. PMID: 9544641.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. York J, Glaser B, Murphy R. High-speed ICG. Used for pinpoint laser treatment of feeder vessels in wet AMD. J Ophthalmic Nurs Technol. 2000;19(2):66–7. PMID: 11075075.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Desatnik H, Treister G, Alhalel A, Krupsky S, Moisseiev J. ICGA-guided laser photocoagulation of feeder vessels of choroidal neovascular membranes in age-related macular degeneration indocyanine green angiography. Retina. 2000;20(2):143–50. PMID: 10783946.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Brancato R, Introini U, Bolognesi G, Pacelli G, Trabucchi G, Pece A. ICGA-guided laser photocoagulation of occult choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration indocyanine green angiography. Retina. 2000;20(2):134–42. PMID: 10783945.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Wong WL, Su X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng C, Wong TY. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014;2(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70145-1.

  43. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report number 8. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:1417–36. PMID: 11594942.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Sarks SH. Ageing and degeneration in the macular region: a clinico-pathological study. Br J Ophthalmol. 1976;60(5):324–41. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.60.5.324. PMID: 952802; PMCID: PMC1042725

  45. Luttrull JK, Kent D. Laser therapy to prevent choroidal neovascularization. In: Chhablanni J, editors. Choroidal neovascularization. Springer Verlag; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2213-0_30.

  46. Dorin G. Subthreshold and micropulse diode laser photocoagulation. Semin Ophthalmol. 2003;18:147–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Luttrull JK, Dorin G. Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation as invisible retinal phototherapy for diabetic macular edema a review. Current Diabetes Rev. 2012;8:274–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Chhablani J, Roh YJ, Jobling AI, Fletcher EL, Lek JJ, Bansal P, Guymer R, Luttrull JK. Restorative retinal laser therapy: present state and future directions. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018;63(3):307–328.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Luttrull JK, Sinclair SD. Safety of transfoveal subthreshold diode micropulse laser for intra-foveal diabetic macular edema in eyes with good visual acuity. Retina. 2014;34(10):2010–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hamada M, Ohkoshi K, Inagaki K, Ebihara N, Murakami A. Subthreshold photocoagulation using endpoint management in the PASCAL® system for diffuse diabetic macular edema. J Ophthalmol. 2018;31(2018):7465794. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7465794. PMID: 29651345; PMCID: PMC5831979

  51. Kriechbaum K, Bolz M, Deak GG, Prager S, Scholda C, Schmidt-Erfurth U. High-resolution imaging of the human retina in vivo after scatter photocoagulation treatment using a semiautomated laser system. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(3):545–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.07.031. Epub 2010 Jan 19. PMID: 20031226.

  52. Kim MS, Ryoo NK, Park KH. Laser and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment in age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):14370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71401-3. PMID: 32873842; PMCID: PMC7462975.

  53. Querques G, Sacconi R, Gelormini F, Borrelli E, Prascina F, Zucchiatti I, Querques L, Bandello F. Subthreshold laser treatment for reticular pseudodrusen secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):2193. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81810-7. PMID: 33500505; PMCID: PMC7838261.

  54. Minhee K, Park YG, Kang S, Roh YJ. Comparison of the tissue response of selective retina therapy with or without real-time feedback-controlled dosimetry. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018;256(9):1639–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-018-4067-9. Epub 2018 Jul 28 PMID: 30056549.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Seifert E, Tode J, Pielen A, Theisen-Kunde D, Framme C, Roider J, Miura Y, Birngruber R, Brinkmann R. Algorithms for optoacoustically controlled selective retina therapy (SRT). Photoacoustics. 2021;10(25): 100316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100316. PMID: 34926158; PMCID: PMC8649889

  56. Tode J, Richert E, Koinzer S, Klettner A, von der Burchard C, Brinkmann R, Lucius R, Roider J. Selective retina therapy reduces bruch’s membrane thickness and retinal pigment epithelium pathology in age-related macular degeneration mouse models. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019;8(6):11. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.6.11. PMID: 31737435; PMCID: PMC6855371.

  57. Kim M, Park YG, Roh YJ. One-year functional and anatomical outcomes after selective retina therapy with real-time feedback-controlled dosimetry in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a pilot study. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53(4):499–513. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23305. Epub 2020 Aug 5 PMID: 32757324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Prahs P, Walter A, Regler R, Theisen-Kunde D, Birngruber R, Brinkmann R, Framme C. Selective retina therapy (SRT) in patients with geographic atrophy due to age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248(5):651–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-009-1208-1. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PMID: 20024687.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Guymer RH, Brassington KH, Dimitrov P, Makeyeva G, Plunkett M, Xia W, Chauhan D, Vingrys A, Luu CD. Nanosecond-laser application in intermediate AMD: 12-month results of fundus appearance and macular function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2014;42(5):466–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.12247. Epub 2013 Nov 11 PMID: 24118741.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Pelosini L, Hamilton R, Mohamed M, Hamilton AM, Marshall J. Retina rejuvenation therapy for diabetic macular edema: a pilot study. Retina. 2013;33(3):548–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182670fea. PMID: 23023529.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Luttrull JK, Musch MC, Mainster MA. Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(1):74–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Luttrull JK, Spink CJ. Serial optical coherence tomography of subthreshold diode laser micropulse photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2006;37:370–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Luttrull JK, Spink CJ, Musch DA. Subthreshold diode micropulse panretinal photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye. 2008;22(5):607–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Luttrull JK, Sramek C, Palanker D, Spink CJ, Musch DC. Long-term safety, high-resolution imaging, and tissue temperature modeling of subvisible diode micropulse photocoagulation for retinovascular macular edema. Retina. 2012;32(2):375–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Cohn AC, Runciman J, Hodgson LAB, Caruso E, Arnold JJ, Chen FK, Chakravarthy U, Heriot WJ, Guymer RH, Wu Z; LEAD Study Group. Dose response in the subthreshold nanosecond laser trial in early stages of AMD: a lead study report. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52(7):380–386. https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20210628-04. Epub 2021 Jul 1. PMID: 34309427.

  66. Jobling AI, Guymer RH, Vessey KA, Greferath U, Mills SA, Brassington KH, Luu CD, Aung KZ, Trogrlic L, Plunkett M, Fletcher EL. Nanosecond laser therapy reverses pathologic and molecular changes in age-related macular degeneration without retinal damage. FASEB J. 2015;29(2):696–710. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14-262444. Epub 2014 Nov 12. PMID: 25392267.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Guymer RH, Wu Z, Hodgson LAB, Caruso E, Brassington KH, Tindill N, Aung KZ, McGuinness MB, Fletcher EL, Chen FK, Chakravarthy U, Arnold JJ, Heriot WJ, Durkin SR, Lek JJ, Harper CA, Wickremasinghe SS, Sandhu SS, Baglin EK, Sharangan P, Braat S, Luu CD; Laser Intervention in Early Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Study Group. Subthreshold nanosecond laser intervention in age-related macular degeneration: The LEAD randomized controlled clinical trial. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(6):829–838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.09.015. Epub 2018 Sep 20. PMID: 30244144.

  68. Guymer RH, Chen FK, Hodgson LAB, Caruso E, Harper CA, Wickremashinghe SS, Cohn AC, Sivarajah P, Tindill N, Luu CD, Wu Z; LEAD Study Group. Subthreshold nanosecond laser in age-related macular degeneration: observational extension study of the LEAD clinical trial. Ophthalmol Retina. 2021;5(12):1196–1203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oret.2021.02.015. Epub 2021 Mar 1. PMID: 33662615.

  69. Rosenfeld PJ, Feuer WJ. Warning: do not treat intermediate AMD with laser therapy. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(6):839–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.12.016. PMID: 31122360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Pankratov MM. Pulse delivery of laser energy in experimental thermal retinal photocoagulation. Proc Soc Photo Opt Instrum Eng. 1990;1202:205e13

    Google Scholar 

  71. Friberg TR, Venkatesh S. Alteration of pulse configuration affects the pain response during diode laser photocoagulation. Lasers Surg Med. 1995;16(4):380–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900160409. PMID: 7651059.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Chang DB, Luttrull JK. Comparison of subthreshold 577 nm and 810 nm micropulse laser effects on heat-shock protein activation kinetics: Implications for treatment efficacy and safety. Transl Vis Sci Tecnol. 2020;9(5):23. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.5.23.eCollection.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Battaglia-Parodi M, Sheth S, Papayannis A, Bandello F. Treatment of serous pigment epithelium detachment with subthreshold micropulse diode laser photocoagulation: a case report. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2009;19(5):887–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/112067210901900501. PMID: 19787617.

  74. Luttrull JK, Margolis BW. Functionally guided retinal protective therapy for dry age-related macular and inherited retinal degenerations: a pilot study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(1):265–75. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-18163. PMID: 26818793.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Keunen JEE, Battaglia-Parodi M, Vujosevic S, Luttrull JK. International retinal laser society guidelines for subthreshold laser treatment. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2020;9(9):15. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.9.9.15. eCollection 2020 Aug. PMID: 32879771

  76. Luttrull JK, Sinclair SH, Elmann S, Glaser BM. Low incidence of choroidal neovascularization following subthreshold diode micropulse laser (SDM) in high-risk AMD. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(8): e0202097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202097. PMID: 30138455; PMCID: PMC6107149.

  77. Luttrull JK, Sinclair SH, Elmann S, Chang DB, Kent D. Slowed progression of age-related geographic atrophy following subthreshold laser. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;1(14):2983–93. https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S268322. PMID: 33061284;PMCID: PMC7534850.

  78. Luttrull JK, Gray G. Real world data comparison of standard care vs SDM laser vision protection therapy for prevention of neovascular AMD. Clin Ophthalmol. 2022;16:1555–68.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Luttrull JK, Chang DB, Margolis BW, Dorin G, Luttrull DK. Laser resensitization of medically unresponsive neovascular age-related macular degeneration: efficacy and implications. Retina. 2015;35(6):1184–94. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000000458. PMID: 25650711.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Wong WL, Su X, Cheung CMG, Klein R, Cheng C, Wong TY. Global prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and disease burden projection for 2020 and 2040: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2(2) https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70145-1.

  81. The Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(4): 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.122.4.564. PMID: 15078675.

  82. Anglemyer A, Horvath HT, Bero L. Healthcare outcomes assessed with observational study designs compared with those assessed in randomized trials. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014, Issue 4. Art. No.: MR000034. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.MR000034.pub2.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ventura County Retina Vitreous Medical Group, Ventura, CA, 93003, USA

    Jeffrey K. Luttrull

Authors
  1. Jeffrey K. Luttrull
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey K. Luttrull .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland

    Andrzej Grzybowski

  2. Ventura County Retinal Vitreous Medical Group, Ventura, CA, USA

    Jeffrey K. Luttrull

  3. Vitreoretinal Surgeon and Clinical Lead, Moorfields Eye Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Igor Kozak

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Luttrull, J.K. (2023). Retinal Laser Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In: Grzybowski, A., Luttrull, J.K., Kozak, I. (eds) Retina Lasers in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25779-7_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25779-7_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-25778-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-25779-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation