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Unproven Therapies for Diabetes

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Abstract

Prevalence and History of Diabetes

There has been a pronounced upsurge in worldwide diabetes prevalence during the past few decades, more notably in developing countries, owing to the rapid globalisation and changing lifestyles. Diabetes-associated complications such as coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease, stroke, diabetic neuropathy, amputations, renal failure, and blindness also add to this burden. According to the recent IDF estimates, one in 10 are living with diabetes. Diabetes-related deaths (6.7 million) were also higher than the total number of deaths caused by HIV (0.068.0 million), tuberculosis (1.5 million), and malaria (0.0627 million) combined. Nearly 537 million people worldwide are estimated to have diabetes, and IDF has raised the concern that by 2030 almost 643 million people and by 2045 almost 783 million adults will have diabetes (IDF Diabetes Atlas, 2021; World Health Organization, 2022).

The history of diabetes dates back to 3500 years ago, where the first-ever mentioning of clinical features similar to diabetes mellitus is found to have been made in the greatest Egyptian medical document ‘Ebers Papyrus’ in 1500 BC (Ebbell 1937). Descriptions of this devastating disease have also been found in ancient Indian and Chinese medical literature, as well as in the work of ancient Greek and Arab physicians (Karamanou et al. World J Diabetes. 7(1):1, 2016). Indian physicians named the condition ‘madhumeha’ or ‘honey urine’ observing that the urine from diabetes affected individuals attracted ants and flies (Papaspyros NS. The history of diabetes mellitus: G. Thieme; 1964). Apollonius of Memphis is believed to have coined the term ‘diabetes’ in 230 BC, meaning ‘to pass through’ and it was Aretaeus of Cappadocia (second century AD) who provided the first accurate description of diabetes (Poretsky. Principles of diabetes mellitus. New York: Springer US; 2010). Later on the Indian physician Sushruta and the surgeon Charaka (400–500 AD) differentiated between the two types of diabetes primarily based on their occurrence in lean or overweight individuals (Poretsky. Principles of diabetes mellitus. New York: Springer US, 2010; Frank. Am J Gastroenterol;27(1):76–95, 1957).

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  1. Jothydev’s Diabetes Research Centers, Trivandrum, Kerala, India

    Jothydev Kesavadev & Anjana Basanth

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Barthi Hospital, Karnal, India

    Sanjay Kalra

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    Joel Rodriguez-Saldana

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Kesavadev, J., Basanth, A., Kalra, S. (2023). Unproven Therapies for Diabetes. In: Rodriguez-Saldana, J. (eds) The Diabetes Textbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_68

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