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Diabetes and Infection

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Abstract

In comparison with persons without diabetes, the risk and frequency of infections is higher in persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes affects innate and adaptive immune function; T cell and B cell responses are both impaired. The increased susceptibility to infections may precipitate metabolic complications in people with diabetes and at the same time, hyperglycemia increases the risk of infections. Awareness of the large spectrum of diabetes-related infectious diseases is very helpful to mitigate the symptoms and to decrease morbidity and mortality. Infections in people with diabetes can occur in almost every organ system and have been classified in three categories: infections possibly related to diabetes, infections strongly associated with diabetes, and infections associated with therapeutic interventions. Microorganisms involved include bacteria, fungi, and viruses including coronavirus-19; by comparison, rates of parasitic infections are lower, and may have a protective role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The risk of life-threatening infections can be minimized with diabetes self-care and support education along with optimal glycemic control. Appropriate choice of empirical antibiotics can limit the severity of symptoms. Immunization with influenza and pneumococcal vaccine is often recommended. Complicated cases should be referred for specialist consultations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, MMIMSR, Mullana, India

    Atulya Atreja

  2. Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, India

    Sanjay Kalra

  3. Multidisciplinary Diabetes Center Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Joel Rodriguez-Saldana

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  1. Atulya Atreja
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  2. Sanjay Kalra
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  3. Joel Rodriguez-Saldana
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  1. Mexico City, Mexico

    Joel Rodriguez-Saldana

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Atreja, A., Kalra, S., Rodriguez-Saldana, J. (2023). Diabetes and Infection. In: Rodriguez-Saldana, J. (eds) The Diabetes Textbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25519-9_47

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