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Low-Carbohydrate Nutrition and Disease Prevention

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Nutritional Health

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Abstract

There exists minimal evidence from high-quality, randomized controlled trials that supports any one eating pattern for the prevention of disease or mortality. Observational research regarding low-carbohydrate nutrition and disease prevention is limited by the use of a “low-carbohydrate diet score” that is applied to populations containing few people who are restricting carbohydrate intake substantially. Observational research shows mixed results regarding the relationship between a low-carbohydrate eating pattern and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Common themes in some of these studies are that plant-based low-carbohydrate patterns are associated with lower risk whereas high-glycemic index/load patterns are associated with higher risk. Randomized controlled trials of low-carbohydrate eating patterns (compared with control diets) have shown greater improvement in several intermediate risk factors, including blood pressure, serum HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c. There is a need for randomized controlled trials that investigate the relationship between low-carbohydrate eating patterns and disease incidence or mortality as a primary outcome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    William S. Yancy Jr & Eric C. Westman

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  1. William S. Yancy Jr
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Correspondence to William S. Yancy Jr .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Science, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada

    Norman J. Temple

  2. Department of Biology, Winona State University, Winona, MN, USA

    Ted Wilson

  3. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, MINNEAPOLIS, MN, USA

    David R. Jacobs, Jr.

  4. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    George A. Bray

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Yancy, W.S., Westman, E.C. (2023). Low-Carbohydrate Nutrition and Disease Prevention. In: Temple, N.J., Wilson, T., Jacobs, Jr., D.R., Bray, G.A. (eds) Nutritional Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24663-0_19

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