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Ocular Tuberculosis

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Emerging Ocular Infections

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

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Abstract

Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) is an important cause of inflammation of the uveal tissue especially in countries endemic for tuberculosis. OTB can lead to significant ocular morbidity and permanent loss of visual function due to pathological damage to various ocular structures including the anterior uveal tract, retina, and the choroid. The manifestations of OTB include anterior uveitis (most commonly chronic form), intermediate, and panuveitis. Serpiginous-like choroiditis and choroidal granulomas represent highly characteristic lesions of OTB most commonly seen in Asian Indian subcontinent. In this chapter, the epidemiology and the global prevalence of OTB have been described. In addition, the clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and ocular examination findings have been discussed. Novel diagnostic tools and treatment strategies have also been highlighted.

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Abbreviations

anti-VEGF :

anti-vascular endothelial growth factor

ATT:

anti-tuberculosis treatment

FAF :

fundus autofluorescence

FFA :

fundus fluorescein angiography

ICGA:

indocyanine green angiography

IGRA :

interferon-gamma release assay

IOTB :

intraocular TB

OCT :

optical coherence tomography

OCTA :

OCT angiography

PCR :

polymerase chain reaction

RPE :

retinal pigment epithelium

TAU :

TB-associated uveitis

TAU :

tubercular anterior uveitis

TB :

tuberculosis

TB SLC :

tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis

TBP :

TB panuveitis

TBU :

tuberculous uveitis

TIU :

tubercular intermediate uveitis

TPU :

tubercular posterior uveitis

TRV :

TB retinal vasculitis

TST :

tuberculin skin test

UWF :

ultra-wide field

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

    Aniruddha Agarwal & Vishali Gupta

  2. Department of Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Lulette Tricia Bravo

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  1. Aniruddha Agarwal
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  2. Vishali Gupta
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  3. Lulette Tricia Bravo
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  1. Department of Ophthalmology - Uveitis, Cleveland Clinic - Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Careen Y. Lowder

  2. Department of Infectious Diseases Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA

    Nabin Shrestha

  3. Department of Ophthalmology - Medical Retina and Uveitis, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA

    Arthi Venkat

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Agarwal, A., Gupta, V., Bravo, L.T. (2023). Ocular Tuberculosis. In: Lowder, C.Y., Shrestha, N., Venkat, A. (eds) Emerging Ocular Infections. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24559-6_1

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