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Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks

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Financial Inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries

Part of the book series: Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice ((IUSGENT,volume 106))

Abstract

The Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources has been applauded intercontinentally for laying the groundwork to develop the Namibian fisheries sector since the dawn of the country’s independence in 1990. However, there are no financial inclusion policies for small scale artisanal fishermen. This paper aims to report on barriers to integrating financial inclusion for coastal small-scale fishermen into the Namibian fisheries policies and regulatory frameworks. This chapter reviews the understanding of financial inclusion, the elements of financial inclusion such bank inclusion and financial credit schemes breaks for the economically marginalized small-scale fishermen and access to fish markets for the small-scale fishermen. It provides a review of various international policies and regulatory frameworks that should guide financial inclusion of the small-scale fishermen. Among, the international policies, it is shown that the FAO guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the Context of Food Security, the Sustainable Development Goals 14, target 14b and 17 have the potential to promote and strengthen financial inclusion for the small-scale fishermen. The national level policies and regulatory frameworks do not make specific reference to the small-scale fishermen. However, the development of the National Plan of Action for the small-scale fishermen in Namibia will be a potential for including small-scale fishermen into the Namibian policies and regulatory frameworks, although the aspect of financial inclusion is still unclear. The barriers to financial inclusion are that financial institutions are hesitant to run into business with the small-scale fishermen because the majority of them do not have collateral and bank accounts, they do not have access to the market for their harvest, they lack education, training and capacity, and have limited production capacity. There is also the skewed perception that the recognition of the small-scale fishermen will result in the over exploitation of marine resources if their capacity to catch more fish is enhanced. The small-scale fishermen are urged to set-up support organisations to promote representative participation in the development of policies and vouch for financial inclusion. The Government of Namibia is urged to set-up schemes to provide financial credit guarantees for the small-scale fishermen. Moreover, capacity strengthening among small-scale fishermen are recommended to provide expertise in post-harvest handling, preservation, processing, and marketing of marine products as well as providing an integral relationship with markets.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Batty et al. (2005).

  2. 2.

    Batty et al. (2005).

  3. 3.

    Pawson and Padda (2008), pp. 339–350.

  4. 4.

    Ibid.

  5. 5.

    Sowman (2020).

  6. 6.

    Bronnmann et al. (2020).

  7. 7.

    Soltanpour et al. (2017), pp. 425–428.

  8. 8.

    FAO (2009).

  9. 9.

    FAO (2018).

  10. 10.

    Pomeroy et al. (2020), p. 118.

  11. 11.

    Sowman and Cardoso (2010).

  12. 12.

    Sowman (2020), p. 1.

  13. 13.

    Batty et al. (2005).

  14. 14.

    Smith and Basurto (2019).

  15. 15.

    Jentoft et al. (2017).

  16. 16.

    Finkbeiner (2015), pp. 139–152.

  17. 17.

    Kanyimba et al. (2020).

  18. 18.

    Sustainable Development Solutions Network https://indicators.report/targets/14-b/ accessed on 13 July 2021.

  19. 19.

    UN General Assembly (2015).

  20. 20.

    Rabeau (2021).

  21. 21.

    Shipalana (2019).

  22. 22.

    Yuliana (2016), p. 24.

  23. 23.

    Kanyimba et al. (2020).

  24. 24.

    Langenheim (2017).

  25. 25.

    Sowman (2020).

  26. 26.

    Pomeroy et al. (2020), p. 118.

  27. 27.

    Kanyimba et al. (2020).

  28. 28.

    Batty et al. (2005).

  29. 29.

    Kanyimba et al. (2020).

  30. 30.

    Yin et al. (2020), p. 2524.

  31. 31.

    Pomeroy et al. (2020), p. 118.

  32. 32.

    Warikandwa ‘Notes Presented at the FAO and OOH Workshop on Legal Training on the Use of Diagnostic Tool for Small Scale Fishermen’ (n.d.) Unpublished Notes, FAO & OOH.

  33. 33.

    United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (n.d.).

  34. 34.

    Ibid.

  35. 35.

    FAO (2018).

  36. 36.

    Isomov (2020), p. 2.

  37. 37.

    FAO (2018).

  38. 38.

    Pomeroy and Brooks (2019), pp. 361–370.

  39. 39.

    Ibid.

  40. 40.

    The United Nations Global Goals for Sustainable Development (2021).

  41. 41.

    UN Systems Task Team on Post 2015 UN Development Agenda (2013).

  42. 42.

    Ibid.

  43. 43.

    Manning (1998).

  44. 44.

    Chiripanhura and Teweldemedhin (2016).

  45. 45.

    Government of the Republic of Namibia ‘Constitution of the Republic of Namibia’ (1990) Republic of Namibia.

  46. 46.

    Government of the Republic of Namibia ‘Namibia Vision 2030–Policy Framework for Long-Term National Development’ (2004) Republic of Namibia.

  47. 47.

    Ibid.

  48. 48.

    Omar and Inaba (2020), pp. 1–25.

  49. 49.

    Government of the Republic of Namibia. ‘Namibia Fifth National Development Plan 2017-2022’ (2017) Republic of Namibia.

  50. 50.

    Ehler (2013).

  51. 51.

    Santos et al. (2019).

  52. 52.

    Kanyimba (2020).

  53. 53.

    Government of the Republic of Namibia (2021).

  54. 54.

    Ibid.

  55. 55.

    Ibid.

  56. 56.

    Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources ‘The White Paper on the Responsible Management of the Inland Fisheries of Namibia’ (1995).

  57. 57.

    Chiripanhura and Teweldemedhin (2016).

  58. 58.

    Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia ‘Marine Resources Act, 27 of 2000’ (2000).

  59. 59.

    Ibid.

  60. 60.

    Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources ‘Strategic Plan – 2017/18 -2021/22’ (2017).

  61. 61.

    Ibid.

  62. 62.

    Ibid.

  63. 63.

    United Nations ‘Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ (2015).

  64. 64.

    FAO & Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources ‘Notes on the National Plan of Action/Strategy for Small Scale fisheries in Namibia’. (n.d.), Unpublished, FAO & MFMR.

  65. 65.

    Draper (2015).

  66. 66.

    Ministry of Sport, Youth and National Services ‘Mainstreaming Youth Development into the National Agenda’ (2020).

  67. 67.

    Agriculture Bank of Namibia Women and Youth Credit Scheme (n.d.) Unpublished Paper, Agri Bank of Namibia.

  68. 68.

    Kanyimba et al. (2020).

  69. 69.

    Kawana (2021).

  70. 70.

    Belwala et al. (2015), p. 67.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Higher Education and Lifelong Learning, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

    Alex T. Kanyimba & Martha N. Jonas

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  1. Alex T. Kanyimba
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Correspondence to Alex T. Kanyimba .

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  1. Faculty of Law, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa

    Howard Chitimira

  2. School of Law, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

    Tapiwa Victor Warikandwa

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Kanyimba, A.T., Jonas, M.N. (2023). Barriers to Integrating Financial Inclusion for Coastal Small-Scale Fishermen into Namibian Fisheries Policies and Regulatory Frameworks. In: Chitimira, H., Warikandwa, T.V. (eds) Financial Inclusion and Digital Transformation Regulatory Practices in Selected SADC Countries. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, vol 106. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23863-5_15

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