Abstract
In this final chapter I revisit the issues faced by AAs faculty at PWIs and examine how the participant testimonies draw connections to prior scholarship and theoretical frameworks from the data that was gathered from nine AA higher education faculty members. Just as Grace Park and Daniel Dae Kim postulated at the beginning of Chapter 5 about the future AA equity after experiencing unequal treatment, the voices of AA faculty have been heard through their testimonies in the prior chapter. There will be a discussion in this chapter on the findings in this book as it relates to reducing racist microaggressions for higher education institutions, administrators, faculty members, and policymakers. Most importantly, I will provide recommendations on the steps to bring more equity to AA faculty and future research.
“The recent mass murder of Asian Americans in Atlanta is only one of the thousands of racially motivated incidents against the AA (Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders) community in the past year. Fueled by moronic politicians’ references to COVID-19 as the “China virus” or “kung flu,” hate crimes against Asian Americans increased in 2020 by 150 percent and, as daily attacks around the country show, it’s only getting worse.”
—Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, 2021
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdul-Jabbar, K. (2021). Kareem Abdul-Jabbar: Hollywood Must Do More to Combat Asian Stereotypes. Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/31437539/nba-creates-kareem-abdul-jabbar-social-justice-champion-award
Ali, P. (2009). Job satisfaction characteristics of higher education faculty by race. Educational Research and Reviews, 4, 289–300.
Allen-Ebrahimian. B. (2015). Chinese students in America: 300,000 and counting. Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/11/16/china-us-colleges-education-chinese-students-university
Armenta, B. E., Lee, R. M., Pituc, S. T., Jung, K., Park, I. K., Soto, J. A., et al. (2013). Where are you from? A validation of the foreigner objectification scale and the psychological correlates of foreigner objectification among Asian Americans and Latinos. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19, 131–142.
Bothwell. E. (2018). Insuring against drop in Chinese students. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/11/29/university-illinois-insures-itself-against-possible-drop-chinese-enrollments
Burns, K. (Director). (2021). Muhammad Ali [Film]. Florentine Films.
Chou, R. S., & Choi, S. (2013). And neither are we saved: Asian Americans’ elusive quest for racial justice. Sociology Compass, 7, 841–853.
Chou, R. S., & Feagin, J. R. (2015). The myth of the model minority: Asian Americans facing racism. Paradigm Publishers.
Davis, G., & Huang, B. (2013). Raising voices, lifting leaders: Empowering Asian Pacific Islander American leadership in higher education. American Council on Education.
Guillermo, E. (2015). ‘Are You from South Korea?’ Harvard student speaks out about Trump event. NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/are-you-south-korea-harvard-student-speaks-out-about-trump-n447496
Huynh, Q., Devos, T., & Smalarz, L. (2011). Perpetual foreigner in one’s own land: Potential implications for identity and psychological adjustment. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30, 133–162. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.2.133
Kanter, R. (1977). Men and women of the corporation: New edition. Basic Books.
Kezar, A., Carducci, R., & Contreras-McGavin, M. (2006). Rethinking the “L” word in higher education: The revolution in research on leadership. Jossey-Bass.
Kil, S. H. (2012). Fearing yellow, imagining white: Media analysis of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Social Identities, 18, 663–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.2012.708995
Kwong, K. (2018). Career choice, barriers, and prospects of Asian American social workers. International Journal of Higher Education, 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n6p1
Landrum Jr., J. (2021). Q&A: Abdul-Jabbar talks new documentary, MLK, social justice. . Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-voting-rights-race-and-ethnicity-sports-arts-and-entertainment-a9f966faf402f3d18d492d1766c770ca
Liang, C. T. H., Li, L. C., & Kim, B. S. K. (2004). The Asian American racism-related stress inventory: Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.103
Museus, S., & Vue, R. (2013). Asian American and Pacific Islander students’ transition to college: A structural equation modeling analysis. The Review of Higher Education, 37, 45–76. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2013.0069
NBA. (2021). Kareem Abdul-Jabbar Social Justice Champion Award. https://www.nba.com/watch/video/kareem-abdul-jabbar-social-justice-champion-award
Ng, J., Lee, S., & Pak, Y. (2007). Contesting the model minority and perpetual foreigner stereotypes: A critical review of literature on Asian Americans in education. Review of Research in Education, 31, 95–130. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732x07300046095
Pierce, C. (1974). Psychiatric problems of the black minority. In S. Arieti (Ed.), American Handbook of Psychiatry (Vol. 2, pp. 512–523). Basic Books.
Stack, L. (2016, October 7). Protest Against Fox Correspondent Accused of Racism for Chinatown Interviews. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/business/media/fox-reporter-accused-of-racism-for-chinatown-interviews-on-trump-clinton-and-china.html?_r=0
Sue, D. (2010). Microaggressions in everyday life: Race, gender, and sexual orientation. Wiley.
Sue, D., Bucceri, J., Lin, A., Nadal, K., & Torino, G. (2007a). Racial microaggressions and the Asian American experience. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.72
Surratt, D. (2012). Exploration of perceptions held by African American male student affairs administrators at predominantly white institutions through the conceptual frameworks of Herzberg, Cose, and Kanter (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. (UMI No. 3617187)
Teranishi, R., Behringer, L., Grey, E., & Parker, T. (2009). Critical Race Theory and research on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in higher education. New Directions for Institutional Research, 142, 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.296
Tuan, M. (1998). Forever foreigners or honorary whites? The Asian ethnic experience today. Rutgers University Press.
Wong, K. (2005). Americans First: Chinese Americans and the Second World War. Temple University Press.
Zhu, Z. (2013). Romancing ‘Kung Fu master’ – from ‘Yellow Peril’ to ‘yellow prowess’. Asian Journal of Communication, 23, 403–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2012.756044
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wu, A. (2023). Conclusion: The Emergence of New Tokenism. In: Asian American Educators and Microaggressions. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23459-0_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23459-0_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23458-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23459-0
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)