Abstract
Over the past few decades, globalization and revolution in communication technology have metamorphosized the news media and their relationship with social and human communication. This chapter delves into these macro trends by explicating three key concepts, the global, the cosmopolitan, and the parochial. Occurring in various iterations, these conceptual threads capture important research themes relating to the practice and problematics of international journalism. By observing the debate, controversies, and the points of disagreement—sometimes severe—among scholars investigating cross-border journalism, this critical essay will elucidate the various issues and agendas defining the challenges of journalism research in the current and upcoming eras.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Social communication tends to involve multiple speakers (not necessarily at the same time), whereas human communication includes communication with family members and professionals (such as doctor-patient).
- 2.
- 3.
However, one aspect of cross-border journalism that is not well investigated is the reverse case: how non-Western media report the West. It is quite possible for instance, that Middle East’s news media reporting of the West or Asian (e.g., China, Japan) media’s reporting of the West could be just as biased and distorted toward the West.
Recommended Readings
Bebawi, S., & Evans, M. (2019). The future foreign correspondent. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hafez, K. (2007). The myth of media globalization. Polity Press.
Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam: How the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world. Random House.
References
Ahmed, S. (2012). Media portrayals of Muslims and Islam and their influence on adolescent attitude: An empirical study from India. Journal of Arab and Muslim Media Research, 5(3), 279–306. https://doi.org/10.1386/jammr.5.3.279_1
Ahmed, S., & Matthes, J. (2017). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. International Communication Gazette, 79(3), 219–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516656305
Allan, S. (2007). Citizen journalism and the rise of “Mass Self-Communication”: Reporting the London bombings. Global Media Journal, 1(1), 1–20.
Allan, S. (2009). Histories of citizen journalism. In S. Allan & E. Thorsen (Eds.), Citizen journalism: Global perspectives (pp. 17–31). Peter Lang.
Allan, S., & Peters, C. (2020). The visual citizen in a digital news landscape. Communication Theory, 30(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz028
Beck, U. (2006). Power in the global age: A New global political economy. Polity Press.
Berglez, P. (2007). For a transnational mode of journalistic writing. In B. Höijer (Ed.), Ideological horizons in media and citizen discourses. Theoretical and methodological approaches (pp. 147–161). Nordicom.
Berglez, P. (2008). What is global journalism? Theoretical and empirical conceptualisations. Journalism Studies, 9(6), 845–858. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700802337727
Bianchi, R. V., & Stephenson, M. L. (2013). Deciphering tourism and citizenship in a globalized world. Tourism Management, 39, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.03.006
Blaagaard, B. B. (2013). Situated, embodied and political: Expressions of citizen journalism. Journalism Studies, 14(2), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2012.718547
Brüggemann, M., & Kleinen von Königslöw, K. (2013). Explaining cosmopolitan coverage. European Journal of Communication, 28(4), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323113484607
Carruthers, S. L. (2004). Tribalism and tribulation. Media constructions of “African savagery” and “Western humanitarianism” in the 1990s. In S. Allan & B. Zelizer (Eds.), Reporting war: Journalism in wartime (pp. 155–173). Routledge.
Castells, M. (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society. International Journal of Communication, 1(1), 238–266.
Chernilo, D. (2007). A quest for universalism: Re-assessing the nature of classical social theory’s cosmopolitanism. European Journal of Social Theory, 10(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431006068754
Chouliaraki, L. (2006). The spectatorship of suffering. Sage.
Chouliaraki, L., & Blaagaard, B. (2013). Introduction: Cosmopolitanism and the new news media. Journalism Studies, 14(2), 150–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2012.718542
Chouliaraki, L., & Stolic, T. (2017). Rethinking media responsibility in the refugee ‘crisis’: A visual typology of European news. Media, Culture and Society, 39(8), 1162–1177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717726163
Chung, D. S., Nah, S., & Yamamoto, M. (2018). Conceptualizing citizen journalism: US news editors’ views. Journalism, 19(12), 1694–1712. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916686596
Clausen, L. (2004). Localizing the global: ‘Domestication’ processes in international news production. Media, Culture and Society, 26(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443704038203
Cottle, S. (2011). Taking global crises in the news seriously: Notes from the dark side of globalization. Global Media and Communication, 7(2), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766511410217
Dahlgren, P. (2013). Online journalism and civic cosmopolitanism: Professional vs. participatory ideals. Journalism Studies, 14(2), 156–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2012.718544
Dencik, L. (2013). What global citizens and whose global moral order? Defining the global at BBC World News. Global Media and Communication, 9(2), 119–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742766513479716
Desmarais, F., & Bruce, T. (2010). The power of stereotypes: Anchoring images through language in live sports broadcasts. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(3), 338–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X10368836
Hafez, K. (2007). The myth of media globalization. Polity Press.
Hafez, K. (2009). Let’s improve ‘global journalism’! Journalism, 10(3), 329–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909102576
Hannerz, U. (1990). Cosmopolitans and locals in world culture. Theory, Culture and Society, 7(2–3), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1177/026327690007002014
Hannerz, U. (1996). Transcontinental connections: Culture, people, places. Routledge.
Höijer, B. (2004). The discourse of global compassion: The audience and media reporting of human suffering. Media, Culture and Society, 26(4), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443704044215
Jackson, P. (2014). ‘Welcome Europe!’ The Eurovision song contest as a continuum for cosmopolitanism. In Media and cosmopolitanism: New visions of the cosmopolitan (pp. 71–92). Peter Lang Publishing.
Joye, S. (2014). The local relevance of global suffering: Articulations of identities and cosmopolitanism in television news discourses on distant suffering. In Media and cosmopolitanism: New visions of the cosmopolitan (pp. 121–140). Peter Lang Publishing.
Kumar, D. (2010). Framing Islam: The resurgence of orientalism during the Bush II era. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 34(3), 254–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/0196859910363174
Lee, H.-J. (2014). Identities in the global world of work. In B. Gehrke & M.-T. Claes (Eds.), Global leadership practices: Cross cultural management perspective (pp. 85–107). Palgrave Macmillan.
Levy, O., Lee, H. J., Jonsen, K., & Peiperl, M. A. (2019). Transcultural brokerage: The role of cosmopolitans in bridging structural and cultural holes. Journal of Management, 45(2), 417–450. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318773404
Lippmann, W. (1946). Public opinion (Vol. 1). Transaction Publishers.
Mackie, D. M., Hamilton, D. L., Susskind, J., & Rosselli, F. (1996). Social psychological foundations of stereotype formation. In Stereotypes and stereotyping (pp. 41–78). Guilford Press.
Mackie, M. (1973). Arriving at “truth” by definition: The case of stereotype inaccuracy. Social Problems, 20(4), 431–447. https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.1973.20.4.03a00040
Molz, J. G. (2006). Cosmopolitan bodies: Fit to travel and travelling to fit. Body & Society, 12(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X06067153
Ojala, M. (2011). Mediating global imaginary: Obama’s ‘address to the Muslim world’ in the Western European press. Journalism Studies, 12(5), 673–688. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2011.587668
Pew Research Center. (2016). State of the News Media 2016. http://www.journalism.org/2016/06/15/state-of-the-news-media-2016/
Pew Research Center. (2019). State of the News Media 2019. https://www.journalism.org/fact-sheet/newspapers/
Ramasubramanian, S., & Murphy, C. J. (2014). Experimental studies of media stereotyping effects. In Laboratory experiments in the social sciences (pp. 385–402). Academic Press.
Reese, S. D. (2010). Journalism and globalization. Sociology Compass, 4(6), 344–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00282.x
Riffe, D., Kim, S., & Sobel, M. R. (2018). News borrowing revisited: A 50-year perspective. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(4), 909–929. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018754909
Riffkin, R. (2015). Americans’ trust in media remains at historical low. Gallup, 28 September. http://www.gallup.com/poll/185927/americans-trust-media-remains-historicallow.aspx
Robertson, A. (2010). Mediated cosmopolitanism: The world of television news. Polity.
Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
Said, E. W. (1997). Covering Islam: How the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world. Random House.
Schemer, C. (2012). The influence of news media on stereotypic attitudes toward immigrants in a political campaign. Journal of Communication, 62(5), 739–757. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01672.x
Schmidt, E., & Cohen, J. (2013). The new digital age: Reshaping the future of people, nations and business. Hachette UK.
Shaw, I. S. (2012). Stereotypical representations of Muslims and Islam following the 7/7 London terror attacks: Implications for intercultural communication and terrorism prevention. International Communication Gazette, 74(6), 509–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048512454816
Silverstone, R. (2002). Complicity and collusion in the mediation of everyday life. New Literary History, 33(4), 761–780.
Silverstone, R. (2013). Media and morality: On the rise of the mediapolis. John Wiley & Sons.
Sobré-Denton, M. (2016). Virtual intercultural bridgework: Social media, virtual cosmopolitanism, and activist community-building. New Media & Society, 18(8), 1715–1731. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814567988
Stangor, C. (2015). The study of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination within social psychology: A quick history of theory and research. In T. D. Nelson (Ed.), Handbook of prejudice stereotyping and discrimination (2nd ed., pp. 1–22). Psychology Press.
Swain, M. B. (2009). The cosmopolitan hope of tourism: Critical action and worldmaking vistas. Tourism Geographies, 11(4), 505–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616680903262695
Swift, A. (2016). Americans’ trust in mass media sinks to new low. Gallup, 14 September. http://www.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx
Szerszynski, B., & Urry, J. (2006). Visuality, mobility and the cosmopolitan: Inhabiting the world from afar. The British Journal of Sociology, 57, 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00096.x
Tanikawa, M. (2017). What is news? What is the newspaper? The physical, functional and stylistic transformation of print newspapers, 1988–2013. International Journal of Communication, 11, 3519–3540.
Tanikawa, M. (2018). Is “Global journalism” truly global? Conceptual and empirical examinations of the global, cosmopolitan and parochial conceptualization of journalism. Journalism Studies, 20(10), 1421–1439. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2018.1520610
Tanikawa, M. (2019). Is journalism going global? Finding answers in quantitative studies employing the concepts of the ‘culture peg’ and the ‘culture link’. Special 2019 Issue: Journalism Research in Practice: Scholarly Inquiry for Journalists, 13(8), 922–926.
Tanikawa, M. (2022). ‘The global, the foreign and the domestic’—Was there a “global turn” in journalism in the early 21st century? In E. Bielsa (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of translation and media (pp. 58–73). Routledge.
Tham, A., & Wang, M. (2017). There’s a troll on the information bridge! An exploratory study of deviant online behaviour impacts on tourism cosmopolitanism. Tourism Recreation Research, 42(2), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2017.1298701
Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. Polity Press.
Trandafoiu, R. (2014). ‘The world on a plate’: Transformed cosmopolitan utopia in food blog culture. In Media and cosmopolitanism: New visions of the cosmopolitan (pp. 29–50). Peter Lang Publishing.
Van Klingeren, M., Boomgaarden, H. G., Vliegenthart, R., & De Vreese, C. H. (2015). Real world is not enough: The media as an additional source of negative attitudes toward immigration, comparing Denmark and the Netherlands. European Sociological Review, 31(3), 268–283. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcu089
Van Leuven, S., & Berglez, P. (2016). Global journalism between dream and reality: A comparative study of The Times, Le Monde and De Standard. Journalism Studies, 17(6), 667–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2015.1017596
Verboord, M. (2017). Internet usage and cosmopolitanism in Europe: A multilevel analysis. Information, Communication & Society, 20(3), 460–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1187193
Ward, S. (2010). Global journalism ethics. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Wilkins, K. G. (2019). US prisms and prejudice through mediating the Middle East. International Communication Gazette, 82(6), 526–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048519853752
Yilmaz, A., Trandafoiu, R., & Mousoutzanis, A. (2014). Media and cosmopolitanism: New visions of the cosmopolitan. Peter Lang.
Zuckerman, E. (2013). Rewire: Digital cosmopolitans in the age of connection. WW Norton & Co.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tanikawa, M. (2023). Explicating Field-Defining Concepts: The Global, the Cosmopolitan, and the Parochial. In: Rothenberger, L., Löffelholz, M., Weaver, D.H. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Cross-Border Journalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23023-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23023-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-23022-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-23023-3
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)