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Physik der Windparks

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Windenergie Meteorologie

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Zusammenfassung

Die Beurteilung der meteorologischen Bedingungen in Windparks bedarf einer besonderen Behandlung, da hier die Anströmung der meisten Anlagen im Parkinneren nicht mehr ungestört ist. Die von den windaufwärts stehenden Turbinen erzeugten Wirbel können die windabwärts stehenden Turbinen massiv beeinflussen. Eine spezielle räumliche Anordnung der Turbinen in kleineren Windparks in Bezug auf die mittlere Windrichtung kann dazu beitragen, die Nachlauf-Turbinen-Interaktionen zu minimieren. Bei größeren Windparks sind jedoch Nachlauf-Turbinen-Interaktionen im Parkinneren unvermeidlich, und das Verhältnis zwischen mittlerem Turbinenabstand und Rotordurchmesser wird zum Hauptparameter, der die Parkeffizienz bestimmt.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Der Schubkoeffizient ist das Verhältnis zwischen der Widerstandskraft T und der dynamischen Kraft 0,5u20 D (Rotorfläche D). Die Widerstandskraft einer idealen Turbine ist gegeben durch T = 0,5u0 2A[4r(1 – r)] mit r = (u0 – u*h)/u0. u*h ist der Mittelwert von uh und u0. Wir haben u*h = u0 (1 – r). Somit ist CT = [4r(1 – r)]. Für uh = 0 ergibt sich u*h = 0,5u0, r = 0,5 und CT = 1. Für uh = u0 folgt u*h = u0, r = 0 und CT = 0. Der Ertrag ist P = Tu*h = 0,5u03 A[4r(1 – r)2 ] und der Ertragskoeffizient ist CP = [4r(1 – r)2 ]. Für die optimale Ausbeute an der Betz’schen Grenze ist r = 1/3 (berechnet aus ∂CP (r)/∂r = 0) und CT = 8/9 (Manwell et al. 2010)

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  1. Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland

    Stefan Emeis

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Emeis, S. (2022). Physik der Windparks. In: Windenergie Meteorologie. Springer Vieweg, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22446-1_6

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