Skip to main content

Adapting DBT for Youth with Learning Disorders

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Learning Disorders Across the Lifespan

Abstract

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a comprehensive, evidence-based treatment for individuals with high-risk mental health problems, such as chronic suicidality, parasuicidal behaviors, and substance misuse. Individuals with learning disorders can present with high-risk concerns and learning disorders themselves can increase risk for emotional and behavioral dysregulation. Consistent with a strength-based approach, DBT should be adapted for those with learning problems. Herein, we first provide a brief overview of DBT including a discussion of the biosocial theory, stages of treatment, modes of intervention, the four skills modules, treatment strategies, and existing adaptations of DBT for use with children, teens, and school-based settings. Next, we describe challenges that may arise for children with co-occurring emotion dysregulation and learning problems, regardless of the primary academic skills deficit, and provide considerations for individual, family, and group therapists. We then offer specific suggestions for adapting DBT for clinicians working with individuals diagnosed with each of the specific learning disorders across treatment modalities. Finally, we close with an illustrative case example describing an adaptation of DBT provided in a partial hospital setting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baumeister, A. L., Storch, E. A., & Geffken, G. R. (2008). Peer victimization in children with learning disabilities. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 25, 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-007-0109-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckstead, D. J., Lambert, M. J., DuBose, A. P., & Linehan, M. (2015). Dialectical behavior therapy with American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents diagnosed with substance use disorders: Combining an evidence based treatment with cultural, traditional, and spiritual beliefs. Addictive Behaviors, 51, 84–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bist, S., & Gera, M. (2016). Peer victimization in children with learning disabilties. Prestige International Journal of Management and Research, 8/9, 56–59.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostic, J. Q., Nevarez, M. D., Potter, M. P., Prince, J. B., Benningfield, M. M., & Aguirre, B. A. (2015). Being present at school: Implementing mindfulness in schools. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24, 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2014.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buysse, V., & Bailey, D. B. (1993). Behavioral and developmental outcomes in young children with disabilities in integrated and segregated settings: A review of comparative studies. The Journal of Special Education, 26, 434–461. https://doi.org/10.1177/002246699302600407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chu, B. C., Rizvi, S. L., Zendegui, E. A., & Bonavitacola, L. (2015). Dialectical behavior therapy for school refusal: Treatment development and incorporation of web-based coaching. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 22, 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2014.08.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, C. D. (2017). Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for college counseling centers. Journal of College Counseling, 20, 67–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12059

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chugani, C. D., Fuhrman B., Abebe, K. Z., et al (2020). Wellness and resilience for college and beyond: protocol for a quasi-experimental pilot study investigating a dialectical behaviour therapy skill-infused college course. BMJ Open, 10:e036833. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036833

  • Dewe, C., & Krawitz, R. (2007). Component analysis of dialectical behavior therapy skills training. Australasian Psychiatry, 15, 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/10398560701320345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Esteves, K. J., & Whitten, E. (2011). Assisted reading with digital audiobooks for students with reading disabilities. Reading Horizons, 51, 21–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fox, E. (2019). Delivering DBT in an inpatient setting. In M. A. Swales (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of dialectical behaviour therapy (pp. 645–669). Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gabriely, R., Tarrasch, R., Velicki, M., & Ovadia-Blechman, Z. (2020). The influence of mindfulness meditation on inattention and physiological markers of stress on students with learning disabilities and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 100, 103630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, S. B., Tucker, R. P., Greene, P. A., Davidson, R. J., Wampold, B. E., Kearney, D. J., & Simpson, T. L. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.10.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, T. R., Fersch-Podrat, R. K., Rivera, M., Axelson, D. A., Merranko, J., Yu, H., et al. (2015). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder: Results from a pilot randomized trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 25, 140–149. https://doi.org/10.1089/cap.2013.0145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hashim, B. L., Vadnais, M., & Miller, A. L. (2013). Improving adherence in adolescent chronic kidney disease: A dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) feasibility trial. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology, 1, 369–379. https://doi.org/10.1037/cpp0000024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katz, L. Y., Cox, B. J., Gunasekara, S., & Miller, A. L. (2004). Feasibility of dialectical behavior therapy for suicidal adolescent inpatients. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(3), 276–282. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200403000-00008

  • Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Parent management training: Treatment for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klodnick, V. V., Kissane, B., Johnson, R. P., Malina, C., Ewing, A., & Fagan, M. A. (2020). Adapting dialectical behavior therapy for young adults diagnosed with serious mental health conditions in residential care: A feasibility study. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2020.1751017

  • Knowles, C., Meng, P., & Machalicek, W. (2014). Task sequencing for students with emotional and behavioral disorders: A systematic review. Behavior Modification, 39, 136–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445514559927

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kohli, A., Malhotra, S., Mohanty, M., Khehra, N., & Kaur, M. (2005). Specific learning disabilities in children: Deficits and neuropsychological profile. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohli, A., Kaur, M., Mohanty, M., & Malhotra, S. (2006). Neuropsychological functioning in specific learning disorders–Reading, writing and mixed groups. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2, 112–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, C. M., Edwards, A. J., Mittler, M. A., & Bonavitacola, L. (2018). Dialectical behavior therapy with prolonged exposure for adolescents: Rationale and review of the research. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 25, 416–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.12.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M. (1993a). Cognitive behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M. (1993b). Skills training manual for treating borderline personality disorder. Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M., & Wilks, C. R. (2015). The course and evolution of dialectical behavior therapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 69, 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lois, B. H., & Miller, A. L. (2018). Stopping the nonadherence cycle: The clinical and theoretical basis for dialectical behavior therapy adapted for adolescents with chronic medical illness (DBT-CMI). Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 25, 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2017.01.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, T. R., Chapman, A. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Kuo, J. R., & Linehan, M. M. (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behavior therapy: Theoretical and empirical observations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacPherson, H. A., Cheavens, J. S., & Fristad, M. A. (2013). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents: Theory, treatment adaptations, and empirical outcomes. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16, 59–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-012-0126-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malboeuf-Hurtubise, C., Taylor, G., & Mageau, G. A. (2019). Impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on basic psychological need satisfaction and internalized symptoms in elementary school students with severe learning disabilities: Results from a randomized cluster trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2715. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malboeuf-Hurtubise, C., Lacourse, E., Taylor, G., Joussemet, M., & Ben Amor, L. (2017). A mindfulness-based intervention pilot feasibility study for elementary school students with severe learning difficulties: Effects on internalized and externalized symptoms from an emotional regulation perspective. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 22, 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587216683886

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marco, J. H., Garcia-Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2013). Dialectical behavioural therapy for oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents: A case series. Psicothema, 25, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2012.119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazza, J. J., Dexter-Mazza, E. T., Miller, A. L., Rathus, J. H., Murphy, H. E., & Linehan, M. M. (2016). DBT® skills in schools: Skills training for emotional problem solving for adolescents (DBT STEPS-A). Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCauley, E., Berk, M. S., Asarnow, J. R., Adrian, M., Cohen, J., Korslund, K., et al. (2018). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents at high risk for suicide: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.1109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonell, M. G., Tarantino, J., Dubose, A. P., Matestic, P., Steinmetz, K., Galbreath, H. and McClellan, J. M. (2010), A Pilot Evaluation of Dialectical Behavioural Therapy in Adolescent Long-Term Inpatient Care. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 15:193–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00569.x

  • Mehlum, L., Tormoen, A. J., Ramberg, M., Haga, E., Diep, L. M., Laberg, S., et al. (2014). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents with repeated suicidal and self-harming behavior: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 1082–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. L., Wetzler, S., Leigh, E., Rathus, J. H., & Linehan, M. N. (1997). Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for suicidal adolescents. Journal of Practical Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, 3, 78–86. https://doi.org/10.1097/00131746-199703000-00002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. L., Rathus, J. H., DuBose, A. P., Dexter-Mazza, E. T., & Goldklang, A. R. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents. Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Clinical Practice: Applications Across Disorders and Dettings, 245–263.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. L., Gerardi, N., Mazza, J. J., & Dexter-Mazza, E. (2020). Research of dialectical behavior therapy in schools. In J. Bedics (Ed.), The handbook of dialectical behavior therapy (pp. 241–256). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816384-9.00010-5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson-Gray, R. O., Keane, S. P., Hurst, R. M., Mitchell, J. T., Warburton, J. B., Chok, J. T., & Cobb, A. R. (2006). A modified DBT skills training program for oppositional defiant adolescents: Promising preliminary findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1811–1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2006.01.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panos, P. T., Jackson, J. W., Hasan, O., & Panos, A. (2013). Meta-analysis and systematic review assessing the efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Research on Social Work Practice, 24, 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731513503047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perepletchikova, F., Axelrod, S. R., Kaufman, J., Rounsaville, B. J., Douglas-Palumberi, H., & Miller, A. L. (2011). Adapting dialectical behaviour therapy for children: Towards a new research agenda for paediatric suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours. Child Adolescent Mental Health Service, 16, 116–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2010.00583.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perepletchikova, F., & Goodman, G. (2014). Two approaches to treating preadolescent children with severe emotional and behavioral problems: Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for children and mentalization-based child therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 24, 298–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perepletchikova, F., Nathanson, D., Axelrod, S. R., Merrill, C., Walker, A., Grossman, M., et al. (2017). Randomized clinical trial of dialectical behavior therapy for preadolescent children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Feasibility and outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 832–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.789

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perepletchikova, F. (2017). Dialectical behaviour therapy for pre-adolescent children. In M. A. Swales (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of dialectical behaviour therapy. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758723.013.25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Perry-Parrish, C., Copeland-Linder, N., Webb, L., & Sibinga, E. M. (2016). Mindfulness-based approaches for children and youth. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 46, 172–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.12.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathus, J. H., & Miller, A. L. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for suicidal adolescents. Suicide and Life-threatening Behavior, 32, 146–157. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.32.2.146.24399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rathus, J. H., Berk, M. S., Miller, A. L., & Halpert, R. (2020). Chapter 8 - Dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents: a review of the research. In J. Bedics (Ed.), The Handbook of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (pp. 175–208). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816384-9.00008-7

  • Rattan, G., & Dean, R. S. (1987). The neuropsychology of children’s learning disorders. In J. M. Williams & C. J. Long (Eds.), The rehabilitation of cognitive disabilities (pp. 173–190). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1899-6_11

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rakfeldt, J. (2005). Dialectical behavior therapy with transitional youth: Preliminary findings. Best Practices in Mental Health: An International Journal, 1(2), 61–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, E. E., Orloff, N. C., Luo, T., Berner, L. A., Brown, T. A., Claudat, K., et al. (2020). Dialectical behavioral therapy for the treatment of adolescent eating disorders: A review of existing work and proposed future directions. Eating Disorders, 28, 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2020.1743098

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sunseri, P. A. (2004). Preliminary Outcomes on the Use of Dialectical Behavior Therapy to Reduce Hospitalization Among Adolescents in Residential Care. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 21(4), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1300/J007v21n04_06

  • Schuchardt, K., Maehler, C., & Hasselhorn, M. (2008). Working memory deficits in children with specific learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 41, 514–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219408317856

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, D., Kesten, K., Zhang, W., & Trestman, R. (2011). Impact of a Dialectic Behavior Therapy-Corrections Modified (DBT-CM) upon behaviorally challenged incarcerated male adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 24, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2011.00275.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, H. L., & Olga, J. (2006). Math disabilities: A selective meta-analysis of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 76, 249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tebbett-Mock, A. A., Saito, E., McGee, M., Woloszyn, P., & Venuti, M. (2020, 2020/01/01/). Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Acute-Care Inpatient Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(1), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.01.020

  • Tomlinson, M. F. (2018). A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Dialectical Behavior Therapy Within Forensic Psychiatric and Correctional Settings Worldwide. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health 17(1) 72–95 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2017.1416003

  • Trupin, E. W., Stewart, D. G., Beach, B., & Boesky, L. (2002, 2002/09/01). Effectiveness of a Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Program for Incarcerated Female Juvenile Offenders [https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00022]. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(3), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00022

  • Welch, S. S., & Kim, J. (2012). DBT-enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescent trichotillomania: An adolescent case study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 483–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.11.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mariah DeSerisy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

DeSerisy, M., Hirsh, E., Macklin, J. (2023). Adapting DBT for Youth with Learning Disorders. In: Margolis, A.E., Broitman, J. (eds) Learning Disorders Across the Lifespan. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21772-2_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics