Abstract
Handwritten signature verification has two approaches based on online or offline data collection, both of them being supervised machine learning tasks. This work investigates the feasibility of unsupervised signature verification. It is inspired by a model-based forged signature generation approach, whose inversion could potentially provide an unsupervised solution for the signature verification task. The model inversion is attempted on a massive collection of image patches taken from samples of a large GPDSS10000 artificial signature verification dataset, pre-processed by a general-purpose deep learning network that extracts 1024 meaningful image features. An Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) solves the inversion problem at a very large scale. The paper proposes practical ways of ELM model structure selection on massive datasets and faster solvers. The results show the feasibility of an unsupervised solution for signature verification.
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The authors wish to acknowledge CSC – IT Center for Science, Finland, for computational resources.
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Akusok, A., Espinosa-Leal, L., Lendasse, A., Björk, KM. (2023). Unsupervised Handwritten Signature Verification with Extreme Learning Machines. In: Björk, KM. (eds) Proceedings of ELM 2021. ELM 2021. Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization, vol 16. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21678-7_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21678-7_12
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