Abstract
The Science Technology and Innovation (STI) domain must evolve with emerging risks and threats that characterize the new defence, safety and security landscape. From CRTI to CSSP programs, starting with the crucial counter-terrorism approach after 9/11, and evolving to an all-hazards approach, DRDC CSS’ STI community continued to look ahead as the current and future defence, safety and security landscape is now exponentially more diverse and complex. Indeed, it is now characterized by such issues as: mass migration and refugee crisis, economic slowdowns in emerging markets, ever-rising numbers of terrorists, activists, extremists, cyberattacks, pandemics, active shooters, climate related disasters, global water shortages, energy security and food security. These regional national and global risks have been in the headlines particularly in the last few years and pose significant security challenges both nationally and globally: in fact, national security is no longer just national. Non-state actors, cyber NGOs, rising powers, hybrid wars and crimes in strategic areas pose complex challenges to global security. The recent COVID 19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine illustrate the dramatic spillover effects across borders. Further, CSS with its large, capable and responsive community of partners continue to foresee, adapt and respond to newer incredibly difficult challenges such as pandemics, climate emergencies, highly “contagious” extremism/ polarization/ radicalization and fast-spreading mis-/dis-information campaigns across the globe. This chapter presents an overview of the complex safety and security landscapea and illustrates how the uptake/exploitation/impact of DRDC CSS’ STIb, within a remarkable culture that also embraced a Whole of Government approach, evolved over 20+ years into an era-defining program that is postured to continue to close otherwise extremely difficult-to-close Safety and Security gaps in Canada.
a In this chapter, the safety and security “landscape” is loosely defined as a view representing Threats as well as Risks (including Systemic Risk management), Partners, National Exercises, Capabilities, the Operational Deployment of such Capabilities and finally the impact/uptake of the related STI investments. International elements of DRDC CSS associated for instance with DHS (S&T), the “Quad”, the “5RD”, etc., are covered in a subsequent chapter and not discussed here.
b DRDC defines itself as “Canada’s Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) leader, trusted advisor, collaborative partner, and knowledge integrator for defence and security” (https://www.canada.ca/en/defence-research-development.html).
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Notes
- 1.
“A Department of National Defence and Public Safety Canada Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) established the DRDC CSS as the coordinating body for federal public security S&T responsive to policy direction from Public Safety Canada”.
- 2.
“The Canadian Police Research Centre (CPRC) has been supporting R&D relevant to the demands of law enforcement since 1979 and became part of DRDC CSS in 2007, at which time its mandate was expanded to include fire and emergency medical services”.
- 3.
“The Public Security Technical Program (PSTP) was established in March 2006 to broaden the scope of safety and security S&T to address critical infrastructure protection; surveillance, intelligence, and interdiction; emergency management systems and interoperability”.
- 4.
Though the threat of a CBRNE attack against Canada’s safety and security is presently assessed as low, the consequences of such incidents however could be high. The weaponization of CBRNE agents can potentially include the following: chemical (such as nerve, blister, choking, blood agents, etc., disseminated with explosives or aerosols); biological (such as smallpox, anthrax, plague, etc.); and radiological-nuclear (such as a “dirty bomb” which uses conventional explosives to scatter radioactive material). The ability to prepare for, prevent and respond to these types of events require national-level direction, coordination, and collaboration.
- 5.
As one concrete example, CSSP-2013-TI-1045 has provided a vehicle for partnership with the USA-based National Cyber Forensics Training Centre (NCFTA; www.ncfta.net) which is a PPP used to help identify and evaluate options for countering cyber-crime and enhancing cyber forensics capabilities. This PPP offered extraordinary leveraging with International and USA Intelligence, business and law enforcement organizations (Hales et al. 2014). Other examples exist.
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Vallerand, A.L., Masys, A.J. (2023). Science Technology and Innovation: Transforming the Complex Safety and Security Multi-level Landscape. In: Masys, A.J. (eds) Safety and Security Science and Technology. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21530-8_1
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