Abstract
The tropical Atlantic (TA) is a very complex region where ocean–atmosphere interactions, oceanic currents, and phenomena such as wave propagations and mesoscale activities occur. The region is considered oligotrophic due to relatively strong static stability, with a well-marked thermocline. Seasonality is mostly governed by the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The TA is the second-largest oceanic source of CO2 to the atmosphere subject to equatorial upwelling, seasonal variations, and large river discharges, which drive the exchange of CO2 between the sea and air. Despite the high net CO2 emissions, zones of net atmospheric CO2 uptake exist in the TA. This is mainly linked to the seasonal SST cycle and its associated thermodynamic effects on the partial pressure of CO2 in the North Equatorial Current, as well as freshwater sources, such as the Amazon River flow. The Amazon River continuum and the North Brazilian chain of islands and sea mounts compose the equatorial broadband. This region has biogeochemical characteristics that distinguish it from eastern Northeast Brazil and sustain most productivity and fisheries of the northern and northeastern regions. This chapter summarizes the main characteristics of the circulation, biogeochemical cycles and CO2 flux variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
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Acknowledgements
We express our sincere thanks to the participating scientists, captains, officers and crew of the Brazilian and French ships for carrying out the oceanographic cruises. This work was supported by the INCT AmbTropic—National Institute on Science and Technology for Tropical Marine Environments, CNPq/FABESB (565054/2010-4, 8936/2011, 465634/2014-1 and inc004/2019). MA, CN LC and HA thank the support of the Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change—Rede CLIMA (FINEP-CNPq 437167/2016-0). This is a contribution to the IJL-TAPIOCA and to the TRIATLAS project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 817578.
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de Araújo Filho, M.C. et al. (2023). Circulation, Biogeochemical Cycles and CO2 Flux Variability in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. In: Dominguez, J.M.L., Kikuchi, R.K.P.d., Filho, M.C.d.A., Schwamborn, R., Vital, H. (eds) Tropical Marine Environments of Brazil. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21329-8_8
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